{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913342302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","title":"Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Based MANET Routing Protocols: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Based MANET Routing Protocols: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913342302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","mag":"2913342302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/38343/38883","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/38343/38883","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018844643","display_name":"Ahmad Khader Habboush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-823X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-823X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48714440","display_name":"Jerash University","ror":"https://ror.org/047mw5m74","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48714440"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Khader Habboush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48714440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018844643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48714440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67449586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization","display_name":"ant colony optimization","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-networks","display_name":"mobile ad hoc networks","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manet-routing-protocols","display_name":"MANET routing protocols","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/route-discovery","display_name":"route discovery","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-computing","display_name":"soft computing","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-networks","display_name":"wireless networks","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"swarm intelligence","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8560340404510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7533103227615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6664441823959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5971867442131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5847721099853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.5319495797157288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5159012079238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45736441016197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.45406267046928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.43924814462661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.4223440885543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3907082974910736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11811622977256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.06253865361213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/38343/38883","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/cis.v12n1p82","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/cis/article/download/0/0/38343/38883","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764452479","display_name":"Computer and Information Science","issn_l":"1913-8989","issn":["1913-8989","1913-8997"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913342302.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913342302.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297411159","https://openalex.org/W1509401503","https://openalex.org/W1543480758","https://openalex.org/W1559956479","https://openalex.org/W1656678770","https://openalex.org/W1664011265","https://openalex.org/W1683332710","https://openalex.org/W1715534882","https://openalex.org/W1835640267","https://openalex.org/W1856336006","https://openalex.org/W1957686363","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1988969082","https://openalex.org/W2002342835","https://openalex.org/W2019744040","https://openalex.org/W2021669721","https://openalex.org/W2028597523","https://openalex.org/W2031148942","https://openalex.org/W2044690472","https://openalex.org/W2051568811","https://openalex.org/W2053242836","https://openalex.org/W2055617028","https://openalex.org/W2076653040","https://openalex.org/W2076663834","https://openalex.org/W2104557663","https://openalex.org/W2108617448","https://openalex.org/W2108831319","https://openalex.org/W2116827906","https://openalex.org/W2119649579","https://openalex.org/W2121542962","https://openalex.org/W2154750667","https://openalex.org/W2160739098","https://openalex.org/W2168724353","https://openalex.org/W2270760718","https://openalex.org/W2284504298","https://openalex.org/W2296567952","https://openalex.org/W2298763753","https://openalex.org/W2337647805","https://openalex.org/W2415708399","https://openalex.org/W2461505197","https://openalex.org/W2588853155","https://openalex.org/W2802414979","https://openalex.org/W2802686600","https://openalex.org/W4236096928","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300945730","https://openalex.org/W6638741700","https://openalex.org/W6695674903","https://openalex.org/W7047344607","https://openalex.org/W7055090439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092432461","https://openalex.org/W3148037525","https://openalex.org/W7153176849","https://openalex.org/W4379516663","https://openalex.org/W7095221654","https://openalex.org/W2909863549","https://openalex.org/W7099682216","https://openalex.org/W2116151835","https://openalex.org/W1972398659","https://openalex.org/W2762660769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Application":[0],"of":[1,16,31,40,51,118],"mobile":[2],"ad":[3],"hoc":[4],"networks":[5],"(MANETs)":[6],"has":[7,86],"gained":[8],"significant":[9],"popularity":[10],"among":[11,90],"researchers":[12,92,140],"in":[13,24,56,73,84,104,107,124,141],"the":[14,34,57,66,91],"field":[15],"data":[17],"communication":[18],"networks.":[19],"However,":[20],"a":[21,25,29,48,101,115,136],"MANET":[22,95,125],"operating":[23],"wireless":[26],"environment":[27],"imposes":[28],"number":[30],"challenges":[32],"for":[33,139],"implementers":[35],"so":[36],"far":[37],"as":[38],"routing":[39,72,96,123],"packets":[41],"across":[42],"it":[43],"is":[44,47],"concerned.":[45],"There":[46],"wide":[49],"range":[50],"research":[52],"contributions":[53],"are":[54],"available":[55],"literature":[58],"wherein":[59],"authors":[60],"propose":[61],"various":[62,129],"solutions":[63],"to":[64,71,93,122,128,135],"overcome":[65],"problems":[67],"and":[68,79],"bottleneck":[69],"related":[70],"MANET.":[74],"Especially":[75],"soft":[76],"computing":[77],"techniques":[78],"Ant":[80],"Colony":[81],"Optimization":[82],"(ACO)":[83],"particular":[85],"been":[87],"significantly":[88],"popular":[89],"resolve":[94],"issues.":[97],"This":[98],"technique":[99,120],"plays":[100],"vital":[102],"role":[103],"route":[105],"discovery":[106],"particular.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110,119,132,142],"paper,":[111],"we":[112],"have":[113],"conducted":[114],"comprehensive":[116],"review":[117],"applied":[121],"with":[126],"respect":[127],"criteria.":[130],"Hopefully":[131],"paper":[133],"serves":[134],"perfect":[137],"document":[138],"field.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
