{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913204376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","title":"Risk factors associated with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of north India: A pilot study","display_name":"Risk factors associated with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of north India: A pilot study","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913204376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","mag":"2913204376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","pdf_url":"https://www.jchm.in/journal-article-file/8184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207959","display_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","issn_l":"2394-272X","issn":["2394-272X","2394-2738"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.jchm.in/journal-article-file/8184","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060795059","display_name":"Lavina Chaubey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lavina Chaubey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103762673","display_name":"T B Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T B. Singh,","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049228281","display_name":"Kirti Kaithwas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirti Kaithwas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080522582","display_name":"Namita Doharey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namita Doharey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088266660","display_name":"Shilpa Chowdary Peddappolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-6169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-6169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilpa Chowdary Peddappolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology,","Dept. of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060795059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.472279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"188","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-infertility","display_name":"primary infertility","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-infertility","display_name":"secondary infertility","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infertility-risk-factors","display_name":"infertility risk factors","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-irregularities","display_name":"menstrual irregularity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-flow","display_name":"menstrual flow","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-uttar-pradesh","display_name":"Eastern Uttar Pradesh","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.8751466274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7355963587760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910568048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Primary infertility","level":4,"score":0.6784095764160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5596630573272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779647306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648065","display_name":"Female infertility","level":4,"score":0.459392786026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.45384731888771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.44633257389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280156","display_name":"Male infertility","level":4,"score":0.42531102895736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.403708279132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4026597738265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2127123475074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.12406650185585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","pdf_url":"https://www.jchm.in/journal-article-file/8184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207959","display_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","issn_l":"2394-272X","issn":["2394-272X","2394-2738"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-2738.2018.0038","pdf_url":"https://www.jchm.in/journal-article-file/8184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207959","display_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","issn_l":"2394-272X","issn":["2394-272X","2394-2738"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Community Health Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913204376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913204376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500921330","https://openalex.org/W2055859834","https://openalex.org/W2128384044","https://openalex.org/W2132073332","https://openalex.org/W2162193171","https://openalex.org/W2166447482","https://openalex.org/W2337989662","https://openalex.org/W2588206470","https://openalex.org/W2768522782","https://openalex.org/W2809776087","https://openalex.org/W2886123454","https://openalex.org/W2912644484","https://openalex.org/W4302435679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165383467","https://openalex.org/W7171529476","https://openalex.org/W3082633805","https://openalex.org/W2996573457","https://openalex.org/W4367297725","https://openalex.org/W4385250765","https://openalex.org/W3134097046","https://openalex.org/W7221779400","https://openalex.org/W7161560113","https://openalex.org/W3196944028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Infertility":[1],"is":[2],"defined":[3],"as":[4,76,216],"the":[5,35,49],"failure":[6],"to":[7,22,73,95,120],"achieve":[8],"clinical":[9],"pregnancy":[10],"after":[11],"12":[12],"months":[13],"or":[14],"more":[15,192],"of":[16,26,32,57,100,136,160,164,169,183,199,222,232],"regularly":[17],"unprotected":[18],"sexual":[19],"intercourse.":[20],"According":[21],"a":[23,77,133,181,239],"systematic":[24],"analysis":[25],"National":[27],"Health":[28],"Survey-2010,":[29],"approximately":[30],"10.5%":[31],"women":[33],"around":[34],"world":[36],"experienced":[37,43],"secondary":[38,155,172,194,202],"infertility":[39,53,85,150,185,195,203,233],"and":[40,61,117,151,167,187,201,220,234],"roughly":[41],"2%":[42],"primary":[44,149,184,200],"infertility.":[45,156,173],"Objectives:":[46],"To":[47],"analyse":[48],"risk":[50,217],"factors":[51],"for":[52],"in":[54,114,140,238],"eastern":[55,98,115],"part":[56,99],"North":[58,249],"India.":[59,102,250],"Materials":[60],"Methods:":[62],"This":[63],"cross-sectional,":[64],"analytical":[65],"pilot":[66],"study":[67],"was":[68,125,190,204],"done":[69],"from":[70,97],"January":[71],"2018":[72,75],"March":[74],"schedule":[78],"based":[79],"survey":[80],"involving":[81],"65":[82],"couples":[83,105,112],"with":[84,176,193,206,229],"attending":[86],"Sir":[87],"Sunderlal":[88],"hospital,":[89],"Varanasi,":[90],"U.P.,":[91],"that":[92],"primarily":[93],"caters":[94],"patients":[96],"north":[101],"Sixty":[103],"valid":[104],"were":[106,225],"analysed.":[107],"Results:":[108],"Seventy":[109],"per":[110],"cent":[111],"resided":[113],"U.P.":[116],"60%":[118],"belonged":[119],"middle":[121],"socioeconomic":[122],"status.":[123],"Treatment":[124],"sought":[126],"?":[127],"3":[128],"years":[129,162],"by":[130],"86.7%.":[131],"Among":[132],"total":[134],"number":[135],"60":[137],"females":[138,166,175],"partners":[139],"their":[141],"reproductive":[142],"age":[143,158,207],"(15-49":[144],"years),":[145],"31":[146],"(51.7%)":[147],"had":[148,154,171,180],"29":[152],"(48.3%)":[153],"The":[157],"group":[159],"27-38":[161],"comprised":[163],"53.3%":[165],"65.6%":[168],"these":[170,212],"Those":[174],"regular":[177],"menstrual":[178,209,223],"cycles":[179,189],"predominance":[182],"(70%)":[186],"irregular":[188],"associated":[191,228],"(66.7%).":[196],"Conclusion:":[197],"Association":[198],"found":[205],"&":[208],"irregularity,":[210],"hence":[211],"may":[213],"be":[214],"considered":[215],"factors.":[218],"BMI":[219],"amount":[221],"flow":[224],"not":[226],"significantly":[227],"either":[230],"types":[231],"need":[235],"further":[236],"evaluation":[237],"larger":[240],"study.":[241],"Keywords:":[242],"Primary":[243],"infertility,":[244,246],"Secondary":[245],"Risk":[247],"factors,":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
