{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912374711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","title":"Democratization Phases of the European Union","display_name":"Democratization Phases of the European Union","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912374711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","mag":"2912374711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498393","display_name":"UBT International Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 UBT International Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2912374711"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058442500","display_name":"Mehlika \u00d6zlem Ultan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-9083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-9083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehlika Ozlem Ultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kocaeli University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kocaeli University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058442500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-deficit","display_name":"democratic deficit","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-legitimacy","display_name":"democratic legitimacy","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-citizens-initiative","display_name":"European Citizens' Initiative","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-transparency","display_name":"institutional transparency","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-parliament-powers","display_name":"European Parliament powers","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-citizenship","display_name":"European citizenship","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-institutions","display_name":"EU institutions","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.9033722877502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186065","display_name":"Democratic deficit","level":4,"score":0.824319064617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.8098846673965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.7737902998924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7655349969863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.7537894248962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7029575705528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6507841944694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43501532077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.40700721740722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.38154155015945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.35108160972595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20228511095046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1896514594554901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1625799834728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.15896058082580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.15283572673797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05547332763671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498393","display_name":"UBT International Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 UBT International Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213476993","https://openalex.org/W2185546269","https://openalex.org/W2077387663","https://openalex.org/W2911323307","https://openalex.org/W7133513244","https://openalex.org/W7076427554","https://openalex.org/W3006243951","https://openalex.org/W1026470828","https://openalex.org/W7135830913","https://openalex.org/W189732546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,58,78,114],"European":[1,16,71,79,135,145],"Union":[2,31,154],"is":[3,19,61,74,82,92,122],"established":[4],"for":[5,36,84,107],"economic":[6],"purposes":[7],"and":[8,137,164],"has":[9,32],"a":[10,24],"sui":[11],"generis":[12],"structure.":[13],"For":[14],"the":[15,62,68,88,99,108,119,131,134,142,150,153,161,171],"Union,":[17],"it":[18,91],"not":[20],"possible":[21],"to":[22,45,52,94,126,158,170],"have":[23,42],"democratic":[25,38,47,65,162],"level":[26,69,100,121],"like":[27],"any":[28],"nation-state.":[29],"been":[33,43],"constantly":[34],"criticized":[35,106],"its":[37],"deficit.":[39],"Many":[40],"steps":[41,50],"taken":[44],"ensure":[46],"legitimacy.":[48],"These":[49],"need":[51],"be":[53,127,175],"evaluated":[54],"from":[55,160],"two":[56],"perspectives.":[57],"first":[59],"one":[60],"provision":[63],"of":[64,70,101,110,116,133,144],"legitimacy":[66,117],"at":[67,98,118],"citizens.":[72,146],"It":[73],"seen":[75],"that":[76,152],"especially":[77],"Citizens'":[80],"Initiative":[81],"regulated":[83],"this":[85,148],"purpose.":[86],"In":[87,147],"second":[89],"stage,":[90],"necessary":[93],"talk":[95],"about":[96],"democracy":[97],"institutions.":[102],"Accordingly,":[103],"institutions":[104],"are":[105,168],"problem":[109],"transparency":[111],"in":[112,141,156],"practice.":[113],"issue":[115],"institutional":[120],"also":[123],"being":[124],"tried":[125],"overcome":[128],"by":[129,138],"increasing":[130],"powers":[132],"Parliament":[136],"directly":[139],"participating":[140],"election":[143],"study,":[149],"policies":[151,167],"implements":[155],"order":[157],"prevent":[159],"deficit":[163],"how":[165],"these":[166],"applied":[169],"democratization":[172],"process":[173],"will":[174],"evaluated.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}