{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912010849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","title":"Exploring the impact of tourist harassment on destination image, tourist expenditure, and destination loyalty","display_name":"Exploring the impact of tourist harassment on destination image, tourist expenditure, and destination loyalty","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912010849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","mag":"2912010849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6814119","display_name":"Tourism Management","issn_l":"0261-5177","issn":["0261-5177","1879-3193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025955615","display_name":"Zaid Alrawad\u0131eh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-9958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-9958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]}],"countries":["JO","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Alrawadieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 34265, Turkey","University of Jordan, School of Archaeology and Tourism, Amman, 11942, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-9958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 34265, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jordan, School of Archaeology and Tourism, Amman, 11942, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziad Alrawadieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]}],"countries":["JO","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziad Alrawadieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 34265, Turkey","University of Jordan, School of Archaeology and Tourism, Amman, 11942, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 34265, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jordan, School of Archaeology and Tourism, Amman, 11942, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055923288","display_name":"Metin Kozak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-7529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-7529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193615760","display_name":"Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dbd8b73","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193615760"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Metin Kozak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dokuz Eylul University, Foca-Izmir, 35680, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-7529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dokuz Eylul University, Foca-Izmir, 35680, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193615760"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025955615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647","https://openalex.org/I4210112471"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.1725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":102,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99575066,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11647","display_name":"Workplace Violence and Bullying","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-image","display_name":"destination image","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-expenditure","display_name":"tourist expenditure","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-loyalty","display_name":"tourist loyalty","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-intention","display_name":"behavioral intention","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-tourists","display_name":"foreign tourists","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petra","display_name":"Petra","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-destination-competitiveness","display_name":"tourist destination competitiveness","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.9111394882202148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.8769381046295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132131","display_name":"Loyalty","level":2,"score":0.7571815252304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779910172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30692888","display_name":"Destination image","level":4,"score":0.7009183764457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.6558792591094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6026098132133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.5755469799041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5690141916275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5193741917610168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49649959802627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992285014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570116","display_name":"Tourist destinations","level":4,"score":0.46813830733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4240437150001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3090226948261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23845165967941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1993602216243744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.16736826300621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.06484431028366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6814119","display_name":"Tourism Management","issn_l":"0261-5177","issn":["0261-5177","1879-3193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82856620","https://openalex.org/W130002001","https://openalex.org/W222123183","https://openalex.org/W1493240620","https://openalex.org/W1514695654","https://openalex.org/W1550192707","https://openalex.org/W1577624347","https://openalex.org/W1594914788","https://openalex.org/W1652753239","https://openalex.org/W1810993150","https://openalex.org/W1959221194","https://openalex.org/W1964189636","https://openalex.org/W1964684734","https://openalex.org/W1972056650","https://openalex.org/W1981265755","https://openalex.org/W1985660897","https://openalex.org/W1987551349","https://openalex.org/W1989345626","https://openalex.org/W1991279928","https://openalex.org/W1998922088","https://openalex.org/W2004450235","https://openalex.org/W2005583044","https://openalex.org/W2024024529","https://openalex.org/W2026404452","https://openalex.org/W2031907428","https://openalex.org/W2034722426","https://openalex.org/W2037716839","https://openalex.org/W2039661695","https://openalex.org/W2044352597","https://openalex.org/W2045397364","https://openalex.org/W2048969705","https://openalex.org/W2051900869","https://openalex.org/W2056966927","https://openalex.org/W2071160749","https://openalex.org/W2075874062","https://openalex.org/W2090202704","https://openalex.org/W2094555114","https://openalex.org/W2101937718","https://openalex.org/W2111452225","https://openalex.org/W2113114284","https://openalex.org/W2115635458","https://openalex.org/W2119215257","https://openalex.org/W2133674686","https://openalex.org/W2137324805","https://openalex.org/W2139110021","https://openalex.org/W2143498331","https://openalex.org/W2146691185","https://openalex.org/W2158990337","https://openalex.org/W2163810948","https://openalex.org/W2163944013","https://openalex.org/W2164419215","https://openalex.org/W2172138295","https://openalex.org/W2266004175","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2410400531","https://openalex.org/W2492298651","https://openalex.org/W2530462090","https://openalex.org/W2551471009","https://openalex.org/W2582450163","https://openalex.org/W2584400423","https://openalex.org/W2585477752","https://openalex.org/W2590845154","https://openalex.org/W2754851238","https://openalex.org/W2790154497","https://openalex.org/W2791831700","https://openalex.org/W2852224822","https://openalex.org/W2913352594","https://openalex.org/W2947612101","https://openalex.org/W3003424605","https://openalex.org/W3022205012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386735987","https://openalex.org/W7214062374","https://openalex.org/W130002001","https://openalex.org/W4405725286","https://openalex.org/W2981655306","https://openalex.org/W2925163324","https://openalex.org/W3030742752","https://openalex.org/W7038694653","https://openalex.org/W893330419","https://openalex.org/W3204769845"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}