{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911780909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","title":"Harming Civilians or Prisoners","display_name":"Harming Civilians or Prisoners","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911780909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","mag":"2911780909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surviving Vietnam","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232112149","display_name":"Surviving Vietnam"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040347117","display_name":"Bruce P. Dohrenwend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-0778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-0778"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce P. Dohrenwend","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas J. Yager","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Yager","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060039395","display_name":"Roberto Lewis\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7471"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Lewis-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069598705","display_name":"Ben G. Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-110X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-110X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben G. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089239862","display_name":"Nick Turse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Turse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16903856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13076","display_name":"Torture, Ethics, and Law","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14492","display_name":"War, Law, and Justice","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-harm","display_name":"civilian harm","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-crimes","display_name":"war crimes","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterans","display_name":"veterans","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-exposure","display_name":"combat exposure","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guilt","display_name":"guilt","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"anger","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.8815982937812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.6546474695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.6314616203308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.60639488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134697681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609677","display_name":"Clearing","level":2,"score":0.5974677205085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45867782831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45371541380882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4295459985733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.41542333364486694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3772771656513214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29628288745880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27719545364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20439663529396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.15170440077781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13032013177871704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08328351378440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06666454672813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190904449.003.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Surviving Vietnam","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W622973352","https://openalex.org/W1547958785","https://openalex.org/W1898184555","https://openalex.org/W1898777271","https://openalex.org/W1967373299","https://openalex.org/W1969900674","https://openalex.org/W2028666610","https://openalex.org/W2048374498","https://openalex.org/W2065764688","https://openalex.org/W2080806997","https://openalex.org/W2116577406","https://openalex.org/W2140929653","https://openalex.org/W2325489135","https://openalex.org/W2969096709","https://openalex.org/W3216809417","https://openalex.org/W4299618268","https://openalex.org/W4301006652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153264763","https://openalex.org/W2915021109","https://openalex.org/W2054287816","https://openalex.org/W4401622199","https://openalex.org/W7223039880","https://openalex.org/W3168732747","https://openalex.org/W4408629872","https://openalex.org/W1572122123","https://openalex.org/W2304014647","https://openalex.org/W41901482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"chapter":[2],"uses":[3],"responses":[4],"to":[5,12,23,39,56,75,78,86,97,135],"direct,":[6],"closed":[7],"questions":[8],"about":[9],"personal":[10],"involvement":[11],"identify":[13],"12.8%":[14],"of":[15,27,48,73,90,116],"veterans":[16],"as":[17],"harmers.":[18],"It":[19,34,52],"examines":[20],"qualitative":[21,37],"information":[22],"compare":[24],"self-identified":[25],"harmers":[26,118,132],"civilians":[28,76],"or":[29],"prisoners":[30,57],"with":[31],"other":[32],"veterans.":[33],"investigates":[35],"the":[36,41,88,92,117],"data":[38],"discover":[40],"specific":[42],"circumstances":[43],"in":[44,81,127],"which":[45],"this":[46,110],"type":[47],"harm":[49,55,74],"took":[50],"place.":[51],"suggests":[53],"that":[54,119],"may":[58],"usually":[59],"have":[60,79],"occurred":[61,80],"following":[62],"attacks":[63],"on":[64],"clearly":[65],"identifiable":[66],"enemy":[67,100],"forces.":[68],"In":[69],"contrast,":[70],"many":[71],"incidents":[72],"appear":[77],"attempts":[82],"by":[83],"U.S.":[84],"forces":[85],"implement":[87],"policy":[89],"clearing":[91],"population":[93],"from":[94,122,137],"areas":[95],"considered":[96],"be":[98],"under":[99],"control.":[101],"Other":[102],"than":[103],"their":[104],"much":[105],"more":[106],"severe":[107],"combat":[108],"exposure,":[109],"analysis":[111],"reveals":[112],"very":[113],"few":[114],"characteristics":[115],"differentiated":[120],"them":[121],"those":[123],"not":[124],"directly":[125],"involved":[126],"inflicting":[128],"such":[129],"harm.":[130],"The":[131],"themselves":[133],"tend":[134],"suffer":[136],"persistent":[138],"guilt":[139],"and":[140],"anger.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}