{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911538769","doi":null,"title":"Genetic algorithms","display_name":"Genetic algorithms","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911538769","mag":"2911538769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2911538769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1074423&type=pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509340","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Computer Science","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Computer Science","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086956524","display_name":"Melanie Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-3505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-3505"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-3505","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086956524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"747","last_page":"748"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.1599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"genetic algorithm","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"evolutionary computation","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution","display_name":"evolution","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-selection","display_name":"natural selection","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"genetic mutations","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombination","display_name":"recombination","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-search","display_name":"parallel search","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-search-spaces","display_name":"large search spaces","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-automation","display_name":"design automation","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization","display_name":"optimization","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22614528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721322","display_name":"Survival of the fittest","level":2,"score":0.6748970150947571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6011068224906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5816124677658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75268714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43478","display_name":"Natural selection","level":3,"score":0.5789254903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5555962920188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5347505807876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4722435176372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41855254769325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3999549150466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38025811314582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3677065372467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.23411190509796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19951963424682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17624574899673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1468508541584015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08399337530136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2911538769","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1074423&type=pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509340","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Computer Science","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Encyclopedia of Computer Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38218484","https://openalex.org/W206440355","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1517016597","https://openalex.org/W1559956479","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1978970913","https://openalex.org/W2097571405","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3149025087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115036537","https://openalex.org/W2030463632","https://openalex.org/W2131960077","https://openalex.org/W7154968834","https://openalex.org/W3178816494","https://openalex.org/W2802684665","https://openalex.org/W2122689321","https://openalex.org/W2507700103","https://openalex.org/W2729163884","https://openalex.org/W1966610761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genetic":[0],"algorithms":[1],"(GAs)":[2],"are":[3,64,78,119],"computational":[4,148],"search,":[5],"learning,":[6],"optimization,":[7],"and":[8,91,105,131],"modeling":[9],"methods,":[10],"loosely":[11],"inspired":[12],"by":[13,83,95],"biological":[14],"evolution.":[15],"Imitating":[16],"the":[17,28,31,54,62,74,100,128,136,142],"mechanisms":[18,143],"of":[19,30,49,56,76,85,144],"evolution":[20,37,77,145],"has":[21],"appealed":[22],"to":[23,53,103,112,121,154],"computer":[24,32],"scientists":[25],"from":[26,70],"nearly":[27],"beginning":[29],"age.":[33],"Very":[34],"roughly":[35],"speaking,":[36],"can":[38,146],"be":[39,122],"viewed":[40],"as":[41],"searching":[42],"in":[43,58,98,124,135,139,157],"parallel":[44],"among":[45],"an":[46,59],"enormous":[47],"number":[48],"possibilities":[50],"for":[51,67,127,151,162],"solutions":[63,153],"problem":[55],"survival":[57],"environment":[60],"where":[61],"particular":[65],"designs":[66],"organisms.":[68],"Viewed":[69],"a":[71],"high":[72],"level,":[73],"rules":[118],"remarkably":[79],"simple:":[80],"species":[81],"evolve":[82],"means":[84],"heritable":[86],"variation":[87],"(via":[88],"mutation,":[89],"recombination,":[90],"other":[92],"operators),":[93],"followed":[94],"natural":[96],"selection":[97],"which":[99],"fittest":[101],"tend":[102],"survive":[104],"reproduce,":[106],"thus":[107],"propagating":[108],"their":[109],"genetic":[110],"material":[111],"future":[113],"generations.":[114],"Yet":[115],"these":[116],"simple":[117],"thought":[120],"responsible,":[123],"large":[125,158],"part,":[126],"extraordinary":[129],"variety":[130],"complexity":[132],"we":[133],"see":[134],"biosphere.":[137],"Seen":[138],"this":[140],"light,":[141],"inspire":[147],"search":[149,159],"methods":[150],"finding":[152],"hard":[155],"problems":[156],"spaces":[160],"or":[161],"designing":[163],"complex":[164],"systems":[165],"automatically.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}