{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911255200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","title":"A Survey on the Role of Fringe Benefits in Employee Satisfaction \u2013 An Analysis of Organizations of Pakistan","display_name":"A Survey on the Role of Fringe Benefits in Employee Satisfaction \u2013 An Analysis of Organizations of Pakistan","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911255200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","mag":"2911255200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/14162/11328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764848322","display_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","issn_l":"2162-3058","issn":["2162-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/14162/11328","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001675251","display_name":"Sahar Nisar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karachi University Business School, University of Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karachi University Business School, University of Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051148487","display_name":"Danish Ahmed Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-8670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-8670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Ahmed Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karachi University Business School, University of Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karachi University Business School, University of Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9422488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14450","display_name":"Employee Welfare and Language Studies","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-benefits","display_name":"employee benefits","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-working-hours","display_name":"flexible working hours","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-commitment","display_name":"employee commitment","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistani-organizations","display_name":"Pakistani organizations","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.7173577547073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.6728642582893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6543837189674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5462065935134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49398213624954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48136574029922485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4712039828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4426567256450653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.43769511580467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.42182135581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4201492667198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.20248767733573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.18474623560905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11480602622032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09873238205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08558166027069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07125893235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.06750288605690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.061288803815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/14162/11328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764848322","display_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","issn_l":"2162-3058","issn":["2162-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:mth:ijhr88:v:9:y:2019:i:1:p:232-252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/14162/11328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14162","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/14162/11328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764848322","display_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","issn_l":"2162-3058","issn":["2162-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human Resource Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2911255200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2911255200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190810344","https://openalex.org/W1490360702","https://openalex.org/W2011535275","https://openalex.org/W2045394562","https://openalex.org/W2132009928","https://openalex.org/W2135086777","https://openalex.org/W2138148149","https://openalex.org/W2793763509","https://openalex.org/W2800306777","https://openalex.org/W2802256994","https://openalex.org/W2892189316","https://openalex.org/W2950675746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089242090","https://openalex.org/W4390225869","https://openalex.org/W2055982666","https://openalex.org/W3112550352","https://openalex.org/W7171742665","https://openalex.org/W3003450516","https://openalex.org/W2964993503","https://openalex.org/W7217891988","https://openalex.org/W12884957","https://openalex.org/W7218238831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,65,147],"study":[1,66,148],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,41,89,117,119],"relationship":[4,71,90],"between":[5],"fringe":[6,19],"benefits":[7,20,78,157],"and":[8,28,62,69,75,108,126,169],"employee\u2019s":[9],"job":[10,80],"satisfaction.":[11],"More":[12],"specifically,":[13],"following":[14],"variables":[15],"were":[16,55],"taken":[17],"as":[18],"(i)":[21],"Health":[22,76],"Protection":[23,112],"Benefits,":[24],"(ii)":[25],"Recreation":[26,73],"Leaves,":[27],"(iii)":[29],"Flexible":[30],"Working":[31],"hours.":[32],"The":[33,53],"primary":[34],"data":[35],"is":[36,114],"gathered":[37],"through":[38,58],"questionnaire":[39],"from":[40],"sample":[42],"size":[43],"of":[44,72,85,106,143],"200":[45],"respondents":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48,79],"non-probability":[49],"convenience":[50],"sampling":[51],"technique.":[52],"results":[54],"later":[56],"analyzed":[57],"exploratory":[59],"factor":[60],"analysis":[61],"multiple":[63],"regression.":[64],"showed":[67],"positive":[68],"significant":[70],"Leaves":[74],"protection":[77],"satisfaction":[81,144],"whereas":[82],"in":[83,152,162],"case":[84],"flexible":[86,132],"working":[87,133],"hours,":[88],"seems":[91],"to":[92,122,154,159,164],"be":[93,99,123],"insignificant.":[94],"Through":[95],"results,":[96],"it":[97],"may":[98],"concluded":[100],"that":[101],"if":[102],"a":[103,109],"good":[104,110],"number":[105],"leaves":[107],"health":[111],"plan":[113],"provided":[115],"by":[116],"employer,":[118],"employees":[120,168],"tend":[121],"more":[124],"satisfied":[125],"committed":[127],"towards":[128,140,145],"their":[129,141,160,166],"job.":[130,146],"Whereas,":[131],"hours":[134],"does":[135],"not":[136],"much":[137,139],"contribute":[138],"level":[142],"might":[149],"help":[150],"employers":[151],"Pakistan":[153],"add":[155],"commendable":[156],"programs":[158],"schedule":[161],"order":[163],"retain":[165],"loyal":[167],"increase":[170],"firm\u2019s":[171],"productivity.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}