{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910906323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","title":"How Often Do Orthopaedic Matched Case-Control Studies Use Matched Methods? A Review of Methodological Quality","display_name":"How Often Do Orthopaedic Matched Case-Control Studies Use Matched Methods? A Review of Methodological Quality","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910906323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","mag":"2910906323","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30614911","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6382197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191421250","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","issn_l":"0009-921X","issn":["0009-921X","1528-1132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6382197","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060012817","display_name":"Drake G. LeBrun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-0669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-0669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281539108","display_name":"Hospital for Special Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjqec80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281539108"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799359367","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ky71f04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drake G. LeBrun","raw_affiliation_strings":["D. G. LeBrun, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA D. G. LeBrun, T. Tran, D. Wypij , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA T. Tran, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA M. S. Kocher, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D. G. LeBrun, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA D. G. LeBrun, T. Tran, D. Wypij , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA T. Tran, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA M. S. Kocher, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281539108","https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074059887","display_name":"Tram Tran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799359367","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ky71f04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tram Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015361059","display_name":"David Wypij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-8711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-8711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799359367","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ky71f04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Wypij","raw_affiliation_strings":["All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086989418","display_name":"Mininder Singh Kocher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-7820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-7820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799359367","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00ky71f04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mininder S. Kocher","raw_affiliation_strings":["All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799359367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDA approval status, of any drug or device before clinical use","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Each author certifies that neither he nor she, nor any member of his or her immediate family, has funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90850071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"477","issue":"3","first_page":"655","last_page":"662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11555","display_name":"Methodologies in Health Research and Practice","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-case-control-studies","display_name":"matched case-control studies","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-quality","display_name":"methodological quality","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthopaedic-research","display_name":"orthopaedic research","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounder-adjustment","display_name":"confounding adjustment","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/journal-impact-factor","display_name":"journal impact factor","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factor-analysis","display_name":"risk factor assessment","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.804155707359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.707563579082489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.6146838068962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.5914840698242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5288741588592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5207564830780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4764590561389923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.4725111424922943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.4475001394748688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.42987480759620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113644684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356717","display_name":"Statistical process control","level":3,"score":0.41699206829071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.24173560738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.21623095870018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1608937382698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12503200769424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11790081858634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08504119515419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019637","descriptor_name":"Orthopedic Procedures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191421250","display_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","issn_l":"0009-921X","issn":["0009-921X","1528-1132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5989436","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6382197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6382197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6382197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30614911","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30614911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical orthopaedics and related research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5989436","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6382197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W573550131","https://openalex.org/W1572926483","https://openalex.org/W1965364060","https://openalex.org/W1998373570","https://openalex.org/W2005787744","https://openalex.org/W2032555325","https://openalex.org/W2033465810","https://openalex.org/W2036193982","https://openalex.org/W2059121696","https://openalex.org/W2070568765","https://openalex.org/W2075917870","https://openalex.org/W2104011156","https://openalex.org/W2123560914","https://openalex.org/W2131892447","https://openalex.org/W2132161915","https://openalex.org/W2281397941","https://openalex.org/W2286810959","https://openalex.org/W2517346518","https://openalex.org/W2560438049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070568765","https://openalex.org/W2032555325","https://openalex.org/W2281397941","https://openalex.org/W3014907838","https://openalex.org/W31679229","https://openalex.org/W2074897896","https://openalex.org/W2066168394","https://openalex.org/W2978376237","https://openalex.org/W2765263492","https://openalex.org/W2916193916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Case-control":[1],"studies":[2,75,88,113,161,173,227,246,276,288,365,394],"are":[3,99,376,486],"a":[4,149,206,279,335,410,444],"common":[5],"method":[6],"of":[7,36,44,68,84,104,160,172,194,198,205,213,238,256,267,284,322,334,358,378,388,406,464,469],"analyzing":[8],"associations":[9,450],"between":[10,451],"clinical":[11],"outcomes":[12],"and":[13,29,52,202,263,306,326,351,420,455,467,471,488],"potential":[14],"risk":[15,453],"factors.":[16],"Matching":[17],"cases":[18],"to":[19,32,54,60,122,127,179,190,412,427,434,443,446,480],"controls":[20,199,268,323],"based":[21],"on":[22],"known":[23],"confounding":[24],"variables":[25],"can":[26,58,366],"decrease":[27],"bias":[28],"allow":[30],"investigators":[31],"assess":[33],"the":[34,42,90,102,116,170,203,211,239,264,285,320,332,356,403,465],"association":[35],"interest":[37],"with":[38,101,153,169,210,355,475],"increased":[39],"precision.":[40],"However,":[41],"analysis":[43],"matched":[45,49,69,85,92,106,111,164,232,292,298,363,429],"data":[46],"generally":[47],"requires":[48],"statistical":[50,70,93,107,137,165,215,397,430,484],"methods,":[51,312],"failure":[53],"use":[55,67,89,103,212,357,395,428],"these":[56],"methods":[57,71,166,293,299,398,485],"lead":[59,433,442],"imprecise":[61,435],"or":[62,244,448],"biased":[63,437],"results.":[64],"The":[65,158,253],"appropriate":[66,91,105,136,163,214,359,487],"in":[72,115,156,373,399],"orthopaedic":[73,86,119,392],"case-control":[74,87,112,226,233,251,364,393],"has":[76],"not":[77,303],"been":[78],"documented.":[79],"QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:":[80],"(1)":[81],"What":[82,96],"proportion":[83],"analyses?":[94],"(2)":[95],"study":[97,182,371,407,422],"factors":[98,183,258,454],"associated":[100,209,354],"tests?":[108],"METHODS:":[109],"All":[110],"published":[114],"top":[117],"10":[118],"journals":[120],"according":[121,189],"impact":[123,191],"factor":[124],"from":[125],"2007":[126],"2016":[128],"were":[129,139,146,222,228,242,248,353],"identified":[130,140],"by":[131,141,148],"literature":[132],"review.":[133],"Studies":[134],"using":[135,162],"techniques":[138],"two":[142,237],"independent":[143],"evaluators;":[144],"discrepancies":[145],"settled":[147],"third":[150],"evaluator,":[151],"all":[152],"advanced":[154],"training":[155],"biostatistics.":[157],"number":[159,171,193,197,255,266,321],"was":[167,177,259,271],"compared":[168],"reviewed.":[174],"Logistic":[175],"regression":[176],"used":[178,290,297,309],"identify":[180],"key":[181],"(including":[184],"journal,":[185],"publication":[186,327],"year,":[187,328],"rank":[188],"factor,":[192],"matching":[195,257,470],"factors,":[196],"per":[200,269,324],"case,":[201],"inclusion":[204,333],"biostatistician":[207],"coauthor)":[208],"methods.":[216,360],"Three":[217],"hundred":[218,236],"nineteen":[219],"articles":[220,241],"that":[221,247,331,374,482],"initially":[223],"classified":[224],"as":[225,250,478],"screened,":[229],"yielding":[230],"83":[231,286],"studies.":[234,252],"One":[235],"excluded":[240],"cohort":[243],"cross-sectional":[245,421],"misclassified":[249],"median":[254,265],"3.0":[260],"(range,":[261,273],"1-10)":[262],"case":[270,325],"1.0":[272],"0.5-6.0).":[274],"Thirty":[275,283],"(36%)":[277,289],"had":[278],"statistician":[280,336],"coauthor.":[281],"RESULTS:":[282],"included":[287],"appropriately":[291],"throughout,":[294],"11":[295],"(13%)":[296],"for":[300,319],"multivariable":[301],"but":[302],"univariable":[304],"analyses,":[305],"42":[307],"(51%)":[308],"only":[310],"unmatched":[311],"which":[313,440],"we":[314,329],"considered":[315],"inappropriate.":[316],"After":[317],"controlling":[318],"found":[330],"coauthor":[337],"(70%":[338],"versus":[339],"38%;":[340],"odds":[341],"ratio,":[342],"3.6;":[343],"95%":[344],"confidence":[345],"interval,":[346],"1.4-20.3;":[347],"p":[348],"=":[349],"0.01)":[350],"journal":[352],"CONCLUSIONS:":[361],"Although":[362],"be":[367,462],"statistically":[368],"more":[369,380,413],"efficient":[370],"designs,":[372],"they":[375],"capable":[377],"generating":[379],"precise":[381],"effect":[382,438],"size":[383],"estimates":[384],"than":[385],"other":[386],"kinds":[387],"retrospective":[389],"research,":[390],"most":[391],"inappropriate":[396],"their":[400,483],"analyses.":[401],"Additionally,":[402],"high":[404],"degree":[405],"misclassification":[408],"indicates":[409],"need":[411],"rigorously":[414],"define":[415],"differences":[416],"among":[417],"case-control,":[418],"cohort,":[419],"designs.":[423],"CLINICAL":[424],"RELEVANCE:":[425],"Failing":[426],"tests":[431],"may":[432,441],"and/or":[436],"estimates,":[439],"tendency":[445],"overestimate":[447],"underestimate":[449],"possible":[452],"clinically":[456],"relevant":[457],"outcomes.":[458],"Orthopaedic":[459],"researchers":[460],"should":[461,472],"cognizant":[463],"risks":[466],"benefits":[468],"consult":[473],"individuals":[474],"biostatistical":[476],"expertise":[477],"needed":[479],"ensure":[481],"methodologically":[489],"rigorous.":[490]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}