{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909426552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","title":"Simulating an Anti\u2013Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Switch in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","display_name":"Simulating an Anti\u2013Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Switch in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909426552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","mag":"2909426552","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30641096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207341048","display_name":"Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0161-6420","issn":["0161-6420","1549-4713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058961724","display_name":"Marco A. Zarbin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554120","display_name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/014ye1258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4390039302","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Zarbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey. Electronic address: zarbin@earthlink.net","Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey. Electronic address: zarbin@earthlink.net","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026282338","display_name":"Min Tsuboi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-2031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-2031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Tsuboi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-2031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001506842","display_name":"Lauren Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-2167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-2167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren F. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110471744","display_name":"Ivaylo Stoilov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183934855","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118019719","https://openalex.org/I129302853","https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivaylo Stoilov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183934855"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058961724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"fwci":1.9622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82966161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"126","issue":"6","first_page":"849","last_page":"855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11377","display_name":"Retinal and Macular Surgery","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neovascular-age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"neovascular age-related macular degeneration","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-vegf-therapy","display_name":"anti-VEGF therapy","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranibizumab","display_name":"ranibizumab","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-continuation","display_name":"treatment continuation","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switching-criterion","display_name":"switching criterion","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-corrected-visual-acuity","display_name":"best-corrected visual acuity","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-foveal-thickness","display_name":"central foveal thickness","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraretinal-fluid","display_name":"intraretinal fluid","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subretinal-fluid","display_name":"subretinal fluid","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-variability","display_name":"treatment response variability","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity-gain","display_name":"visual acuity improvement","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomical-outcomes","display_name":"anatomical outcomes","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781100027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414270","display_name":"Ranibizumab","level":4,"score":0.9712300300598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9474174976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.8614721894264221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67761136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2105849","display_name":"Post-hoc analysis","level":2,"score":0.6933060884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.6670322418212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.6477401256561279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.4933253824710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777802072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413299","display_name":"Bevacizumab","level":3,"score":0.4182926416397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.34355852007865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.26403841376304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20753076672554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.0854102373123169}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069579","descriptor_name":"Ranibizumab","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005584","descriptor_name":"Fovea Centralis","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020533","descriptor_name":"Angiogenesis Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042461","descriptor_name":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057135","descriptor_name":"Wet Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057135","descriptor_name":"Wet Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057135","descriptor_name":"Wet Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057915","descriptor_name":"Drug Substitution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058449","descriptor_name":"Intravitreal Injections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058471","descriptor_name":"Subretinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207341048","display_name":"Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0161-6420","issn":["0161-6420","1549-4713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30641096","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30641096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial, Phase II"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207341048","display_name":"Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0161-6420","issn":["0161-6420","1549-4713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59193101","https://openalex.org/W1487528435","https://openalex.org/W1696340081","https://openalex.org/W1996171994","https://openalex.org/W2048433984","https://openalex.org/W2116354474","https://openalex.org/W2118366674","https://openalex.org/W2291188112","https://openalex.org/W2567410172","https://openalex.org/W2568884027","https://openalex.org/W2782057573","https://openalex.org/W4250031098","https://openalex.org/W6662651616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206988339","https://openalex.org/W2567410172","https://openalex.org/W3195747806","https://openalex.org/W2312597636","https://openalex.org/W2966784084","https://openalex.org/W2067579161","https://openalex.org/W2981790928","https://openalex.org/W2021752614","https://openalex.org/W2790676888","https://openalex.org/W2891521689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"A":[1],"simulated":[2],"switching":[3,59,176,190,235,268,348],"study":[4],"assessed":[5],"the":[6,10,76,79,89,127,186,211,227,259],"effects":[7],"of":[8,31,53,78,88,109,117,201,247,253],"continuing":[9,332],"same":[11],"anti-vascular":[12],"endothelial":[13],"growth":[14],"factor":[15],"(VEGF)":[16],"treatment":[17,55],"among":[18],"patients":[19,65,249,255],"who":[20,43,173,207,266],"typically":[21],"are":[22],"considered":[23],"for":[24,262],"a":[25,45],"therapy":[26],"switch.":[27],"Post":[28,85],"hoc":[29,86],"analysis":[30,87],"data":[32,162],"from":[33,75,133,185,226,278,286,299,307],"HARBOR":[34,92,202],"was":[35],"undertaken.":[36],"Patients":[37,96,265],"with":[38,147,205,357],"neovascular":[39],"age-related":[40],"macular":[41],"degeneration":[42],"demonstrated":[44],"suboptimal":[46],"response":[47],"after":[48],"3":[49,91,108,110,167,230,242,272,280,288,323],"or":[50,130,140,144,154,231,352],"6":[51,118,169,292,301,309,338],"months":[52,166,195,241,279,287,300,308],"ranibizumab":[54,68,113,121,335],"were":[56,82,97,163,183,192,237],"identified":[57],"as":[58],"candidates.":[60],"Rather":[61],"than":[62,156],"switching,":[63],"however,":[64],"continued":[66,358],"on":[67,274,295],"treatment,":[69],"and":[70,72,101,115,124,142,168,181,199,203,221,243,251,283,304,328],"visual":[71,136,179],"anatomic":[73,329,360],"outcomes":[74,340],"point":[77,187,228],"hypothetical":[80,263,324],"switch":[81],"examined.":[83],"DESIGN:":[84],"phase":[90],"clinical":[93],"trial.":[94],"PARTICIPANTS:":[95],"included":[98,218],"in":[99,345,355],"3-":[100],"6-month":[102],"switcher":[103,339],"analyses":[104],"if":[105],"they":[106],"received":[107],"initial":[111,119],"monthly":[112,120],"doses":[114],"5":[116],"doses,":[122],"respectively,":[123,257],"met":[125,174,193,258,267],"all":[126],"following:":[128],"5-letter":[129],"fewer":[131],"gain":[132],"baseline,":[134],"best-corrected":[135],"acuity":[137,180],"(BCVA)":[138],"20/40":[139],"worse,":[141],"intraretinal":[143],"subretinal":[145],"fluid":[146],"central":[148,157],"foveal":[149],"thickness":[150],"(CFT)":[151],"equal":[152],"to":[153,170,281,289,302,310],"greater":[155],"subfield":[158],"thickness.":[159],"METHODS:":[160],"Patient":[161],"examined":[164,184],"at":[165,188,233,270],"identify":[171],"those":[172,206,342],"predetermined":[175],"criteria.":[177,212],"Best-corrected":[178],"CFT":[182,222,316],"which":[189,234],"criteria":[191,236,261,269],"through":[194],"6,":[196,244],"12,":[197],"18,":[198],"24":[200,319],"compared":[204],"did":[208],"not":[209],"meet":[210],"MAIN":[213],"OUTCOME":[214],"MEASURES:":[215],"Outcome":[216],"measures":[217],"mean":[219],"BCVA":[220],"change":[223],"over":[224,318],"time":[225],"(month":[229],"6)":[232],"met.":[238],"RESULTS:":[239],"By":[240],"only":[245],"44":[246],"1059":[248],"(4.2%)":[250],"37":[252],"769":[254],"(4.8%),":[256],"inclusion":[260],"switching.":[264],"month":[271],"gained,":[273,294],"average,":[275,296],"5.3":[276],"letters":[277,285,298,306],"12":[282,303],"2.7":[284],"24.":[290,311],"Month":[291,322,337],"switchers":[293,325],"1.6":[297],"1.8":[305],"Both":[312],"groups":[313],"experienced":[314],"significant":[315],"reductions":[317],"months.":[320],"CONCLUSIONS:":[321],"achieved":[326],"vision":[327,351,356],"improvement":[330],"while":[331],"their":[333],"original":[334],"treatment.":[336],"replicated":[341],"commonly":[343],"reported":[344],"published":[346],"anti-VEGF":[347],"studies:":[349],"stable":[350],"nominal":[353],"improvements":[354],"substantial":[359],"improvement.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}
