{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909253672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","title":"Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges","display_name":"Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909253672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","mag":"2909253672","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30658392","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6359035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19020358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/2/358/pdf?version=1547699212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/2/358/pdf?version=1547699212","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052315388","display_name":"Parag Sewalkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-5633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-5633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parag Sewalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Networks Group, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1304-5633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Networks Group, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078837557","display_name":"Jochen Seitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Seitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Networks Group, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Networks Group, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052315388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1824},"apc_paid":{"value":1707,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1840},"fwci":0.9507,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68275862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"358","last_page":"358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-pedestrian-communication","display_name":"vehicle-to-pedestrian communication","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-road-users","display_name":"vulnerable road users","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-safety","display_name":"pedestrian safety","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-crash-scenarios","display_name":"pre-crash scenarios","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-technology","display_name":"communication technology","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7429336309432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.6143983006477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.49140846729278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48771294951438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4840792715549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.46197640895843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4345782399177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.4158763885498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38340815901756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.37218716740608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18933457136154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07660388946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19020358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/2/358/pdf?version=1547699212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5346073","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6359035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30658392","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30658392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6359035","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6359035/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.db-thueringen.de:dbt_mods_00042369","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00042369","pdf_url":"https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00047778/1424-8220_19_2019_2_358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400120","display_name":"Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b09b5d1860a4f558b6c27c8cbdc2a63","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b09b5d1860a4f558b6c27c8cbdc2a63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 2, p 358 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19020358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/2/358/pdf?version=1547699212","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909253672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909253672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107029552","https://openalex.org/W901900497","https://openalex.org/W1485271703","https://openalex.org/W1523334343","https://openalex.org/W1543332422","https://openalex.org/W1869778509","https://openalex.org/W1904404183","https://openalex.org/W1967592907","https://openalex.org/W1981459265","https://openalex.org/W2019719127","https://openalex.org/W2056871057","https://openalex.org/W2059001131","https://openalex.org/W2062789233","https://openalex.org/W2068561156","https://openalex.org/W2106741819","https://openalex.org/W2117100895","https://openalex.org/W2122006835","https://openalex.org/W2148914525","https://openalex.org/W2158167216","https://openalex.org/W2265360852","https://openalex.org/W2290797025","https://openalex.org/W2334488608","https://openalex.org/W2338235872","https://openalex.org/W2342788005","https://openalex.org/W2493462685","https://openalex.org/W2512029490","https://openalex.org/W2522745009","https://openalex.org/W2526864083","https://openalex.org/W2560674596","https://openalex.org/W2561547472","https://openalex.org/W2563637599","https://openalex.org/W2601803760","https://openalex.org/W2736801569","https://openalex.org/W2761937448","https://openalex.org/W2765476103","https://openalex.org/W2783711980","https://openalex.org/W2886563855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124329965","https://openalex.org/W3143016675","https://openalex.org/W4366587383","https://openalex.org/W1905335336","https://openalex.org/W2765476103","https://openalex.org/W3174763148","https://openalex.org/W1945935826","https://openalex.org/W2290314177","https://openalex.org/W2726143884","https://openalex.org/W2066840907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77],"the":[1,49,74,90,122],"last":[2],"few":[3,141],"years,":[4],"increasing":[5],"attention":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"provided":[9],"to":[10,27,46,57],"research":[11],"Vehicle-to-Pedestrian":[12],"(V2P)":[13],"communication":[14,40],"systems.":[15,150],"These":[16,64],"V2P":[17,36,53,75,91,104,126],"systems":[18,37],"serve":[19],"different":[20,28,39,44,62,123,130,134],"purposes":[21],"(safety":[22],"or":[23],"convenience)":[24],"and":[25,42,84,108,111],"cater":[26],"Vulnerable":[29],"Road":[30],"User":[31],"(VRU)":[32],"groups.":[33],"Also,":[34],"these":[35],"employ":[38],"technologies,":[41],"use":[43],"mechanisms":[45],"interact":[47],"with":[48],"users.":[50],"An":[51],"effective":[52],"system":[54,92,128],"also":[55,97],"needs":[56],"consider":[58],"varying":[59],"characteristics":[60],"of":[61,73,102,125,146],"VRUs.":[63],"various":[65],"elements":[66,83],"may":[67],"be":[68],"considered":[69],"as":[70],"design":[71,87,113],"parameters":[72],"system.":[76],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,138],"discuss":[81,139],"such":[82],"propose":[85],"a":[86,117,140],"framework":[88],"for":[89,106,129],"based":[93],"on":[94],"them.":[95],"We":[96,115],"provide":[98],"an":[99],"extensive":[100],"survey":[101],"existing":[103],"efforts":[105],"safety":[107,127],"convenience":[109],"applications":[110],"their":[112],"considerations.":[114],"perform":[116],"case":[118],"study":[119],"that":[120],"compares":[121],"approaches":[124],"VRU":[131],"groups":[132],"under":[133],"pre-crash":[135],"scenarios.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"technological":[142],"challenges":[143],"in":[144],"integration":[145],"VRUs":[147],"into":[148],"V2X":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}