{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908901600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","title":"Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion","display_name":"Unsustainable Working Conditions: The Association of Destructive Leadership, Use of Technology, and Workload with Workaholism and Exhaustion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908901600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","mag":"2908901600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11020446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/2/446/pdf?version=1547717853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/2/446/pdf?version=1547717853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076006553","display_name":"Monica Molino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-0088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-0088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Molino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-0088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008845767","display_name":"Claudio Giovanni Cortese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-9838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-9838"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudio G. Cortese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054048087","display_name":"Chiara Ghislieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-8756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-8756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Ghislieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008845767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":14.477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99170416,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"446","last_page":"446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14220","display_name":"Workaholism, burnout, and well-being","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14220","display_name":"Workaholism, burnout, and well-being","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11084","display_name":"Workplace Health and Well-being","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destructive-leadership","display_name":"destructive leadership","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workaholism","display_name":"workaholism","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaustion","display_name":"exhaustion","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"workload","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-demands","display_name":"job demands","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-well-being","display_name":"employee well-being","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8406668901443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6099857091903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5991299152374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5694708824157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5395604372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018898988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Working hours","level":2,"score":0.5071284770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4590406119823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.44319042563438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.44179484248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.38400107622146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20460453629493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14112794399261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08287206292152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.07265770435333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11020446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/2/446/pdf?version=1547717853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unito.it:2318/1704102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1704102","pdf_url":"https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1704102/1/Molino%20et%20al_2019_Sustainability.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400637","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","host_organization_name":"University of Turin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:446-:d:198160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/2/446/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71aba8968a21429ea6f33c5d52ffee70","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71aba8968a21429ea6f33c5d52ffee70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 446 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11020446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020446","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/2/446/pdf?version=1547717853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908901600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908901600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61347069","https://openalex.org/W177447019","https://openalex.org/W1517326275","https://openalex.org/W1522347459","https://openalex.org/W1719444088","https://openalex.org/W1832468932","https://openalex.org/W1920700175","https://openalex.org/W1971133717","https://openalex.org/W1979632659","https://openalex.org/W1988191038","https://openalex.org/W2004028977","https://openalex.org/W2006763260","https://openalex.org/W2009886523","https://openalex.org/W2010348352","https://openalex.org/W2012662662","https://openalex.org/W2013875734","https://openalex.org/W2015837409","https://openalex.org/W2029314336","https://openalex.org/W2035189362","https://openalex.org/W2038702827","https://openalex.org/W2038829474","https://openalex.org/W2040798772","https://openalex.org/W2049488061","https://openalex.org/W2050842187","https://openalex.org/W2052888082","https://openalex.org/W2056082325","https://openalex.org/W2063413877","https://openalex.org/W2063652620","https://openalex.org/W2067708941","https://openalex.org/W2096077734","https://openalex.org/W2104057213","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2110357361","https://openalex.org/W2118764719","https://openalex.org/W2123633418","https://openalex.org/W2133962318","https://openalex.org/W2141348788","https://openalex.org/W2144109530","https://openalex.org/W2146618936","https://openalex.org/W2147079014","https://openalex.org/W2148301771","https://openalex.org/W2148429067","https://openalex.org/W2157833244","https://openalex.org/W2158810025","https://openalex.org/W2182116719","https://openalex.org/W2276522239","https://openalex.org/W2323976960","https://openalex.org/W2328998985","https://openalex.org/W2463718044","https://openalex.org/W2506090080","https://openalex.org/W2530355104","https://openalex.org/W2530409471","https://openalex.org/W2604856809","https://openalex.org/W2611400646","https://openalex.org/W2732002280","https://openalex.org/W2743624036","https://openalex.org/W2754800371","https://openalex.org/W2768142660","https://openalex.org/W2769289932","https://openalex.org/W2814839393","https://openalex.org/W2898115406","https://openalex.org/W2898890380","https://openalex.org/W2991700167","https://openalex.org/W2996762144","https://openalex.org/W4230830449","https://openalex.org/W4237149030","https://openalex.org/W4300880026","https://openalex.org/W6770994273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740971528","https://openalex.org/W7217009284","https://openalex.org/W3166609188","https://openalex.org/W6922358872","https://openalex.org/W3026482338","https://openalex.org/W7117488519","https://openalex.org/W4360941989","https://openalex.org/W2782887374","https://openalex.org/W7166491198","https://openalex.org/W1517326275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Job":[0,114],"demands":[1,75,141,152],"typical":[2],"of":[3,89,167],"the":[4,25,38,72,126,139,165,184],"current":[5],"working":[6,39,178],"environments":[7],"and":[8,65,78,109,117,122,131,142,153,174,194],"negative":[9],"leadership":[10,62,108,130,173],"styles":[11],"may":[12],"be":[13],"considered":[14],"unsustainable":[15,50,177],"factors":[16],"able":[17,41],"to":[18,24,42,48],"decrease":[19],"workers":[20,91],"well-being.":[21],"Moreover,":[22,119],"contrary":[23],"idea":[26],"that":[27],"workaholism":[28,80,134],"is":[29],"an":[30],"innate":[31],"individual":[32],"characteristic,":[33],"a":[34,94,103,136,147],"recent":[35],"perspective":[36],"considers":[37],"context":[40],"foster":[43],"its":[44],"insurgence.":[45],"In":[46],"order":[47],"investigate":[49],"dynamics":[51],"within":[52],"organizations,":[53],"this":[54,187],"study":[55,145,188],"aimed":[56],"at":[57],"examining":[58],"whether":[59],"(1)":[60],"destructive":[61,107,129,172],"increases":[63,76],"workload":[64,121],"supplemental":[66],"work":[67],"supported":[68],"by":[69],"technology,":[70],"(2)":[71],"three":[73,140],"job":[74,151],"workaholism,":[77,154],"(3)":[79],"mediates":[81],"their":[82,158],"relationship":[83,105,127],"with":[84,160],"exhaustion.":[85,143],"A":[86],"convenience":[87],"sample":[88],"432":[90],"filled":[92],"in":[93,156,163],"self-report":[95],"questionnaire.":[96],"The":[97,144],"structural":[98],"equation":[99],"model":[100],"results":[101],"showed":[102],"positive":[104,148],"between":[106,128,138,150],"workload,":[110],"off-work":[111],"hour":[112],"Technology-Assisted":[113],"Demand":[115],"(off-TAJD),":[116],"workaholism.":[118,132],"both":[120],"off-TAJD":[123],"partially":[124],"mediated":[125],"Finally,":[133],"was":[135],"mediator":[137],"confirmed":[146],"association":[149,159],"and,":[155],"turn,":[157],"exhaustion,":[161],"highlighting":[162],"particular":[164],"role":[166],"two":[168],"under-investigated":[169],"determinants,":[170],"namely":[171],"off-TAJD,":[175],"as":[176],"conditions.":[179],"Despite":[180],"limitations,":[181],"above":[182],"all":[183],"cross-sectional":[185],"design,":[186],"provided":[189],"useful":[190],"indications":[191],"for":[192],"research":[193],"practice.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}