{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908620332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","title":"Coupling Natural Hazard Estimates with Road Network Analysis to Assess Vulnerability and Risk: Case Study of Freetown (Sierra Leone)","display_name":"Coupling Natural Hazard Estimates with Road Network Analysis to Assess Vulnerability and Risk: Case Study of Freetown (Sierra Leone)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908620332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","mag":"2908620332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198118822272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002952880","display_name":"Sarah Lindbergh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-3088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-3088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Lindbergh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lucy Stephenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Stephenson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071799098","display_name":"Jeremy Halpern","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Halpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060607844","display_name":"Fatima Arroyo Arroyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Arroyo Arroyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The World Bank, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The World Bank, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xavier Espinet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Espinet","raw_affiliation_strings":["The World Bank, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The World Bank, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111672074","display_name":"Marta C. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-0318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-0318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta C. Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of City & Regional Planning, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002952880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76524315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2673","issue":"8","first_page":"11","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-hazard-risk-assessment","display_name":"natural hazard risk assessment","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-network-vulnerability","display_name":"road network vulnerability","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-infrastructure-resilience","display_name":"transportation infrastructure resilience","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide-impacts","display_name":"landslide impacts","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding-impacts","display_name":"flooding impacts","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarce-environments","display_name":"data-scarce environments","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-network-connectivity","display_name":"road connectivity","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-redundancy","display_name":"infrastructure redundancy","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disaster-risk-management","display_name":"disaster risk management","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-science","display_name":"network science","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39410599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433179","display_name":"Natural hazard","level":2,"score":0.6651888489723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018567284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044","display_name":"Sierra leone","level":2,"score":0.589484453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5194258689880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5065456628799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4788386821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.47521454095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4425809681415558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.4417240619659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.437145471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.42932236194610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.36298131942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.30050837993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2718074321746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21528229117393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.20744702219963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.19045406579971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1848381757736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1689293384552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12207552790641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09131371974945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198118822272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118822272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563296885","https://openalex.org/W1490753825","https://openalex.org/W1600633911","https://openalex.org/W1620005141","https://openalex.org/W1965530901","https://openalex.org/W1971937094","https://openalex.org/W1972199060","https://openalex.org/W1982300822","https://openalex.org/W1987999454","https://openalex.org/W1996643763","https://openalex.org/W2010769455","https://openalex.org/W2014734118","https://openalex.org/W2017680729","https://openalex.org/W2024007667","https://openalex.org/W2036270984","https://openalex.org/W2056128875","https://openalex.org/W2056284729","https://openalex.org/W2069445136","https://openalex.org/W2079844646","https://openalex.org/W2087753005","https://openalex.org/W2125170903","https://openalex.org/W2130364361","https://openalex.org/W2137582945","https://openalex.org/W2137749025","https://openalex.org/W2170338278","https://openalex.org/W2246455584","https://openalex.org/W2412605135","https://openalex.org/W2562576779","https://openalex.org/W2589252088","https://openalex.org/W2606227910","https://openalex.org/W2769161199","https://openalex.org/W2805543014","https://openalex.org/W2811262693","https://openalex.org/W4236091316","https://openalex.org/W4237082774","https://openalex.org/W4251346171","https://openalex.org/W7097888494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022532325","https://openalex.org/W1967227973","https://openalex.org/W7010117773","https://openalex.org/W3000715367","https://openalex.org/W2593647821","https://openalex.org/W610112926","https://openalex.org/W2993398978","https://openalex.org/W2579296223","https://openalex.org/W2990205945","https://openalex.org/W4398247913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"of":[1,28,42,69,165,193,216],"the":[2,9,38,67,93,153,159,194,214],"world\u2019s":[3],"most":[4,10,127,154],"disaster-prone":[5],"cities":[6,53],"are":[7,63,133,138,172],"also":[8,173],"difficult":[11],"to":[12,19,46,65,91,101,141,145,182,184,203],"model":[13],"and":[14,33,40,51,55,71,82,99,131,148,209,219],"plan.":[15],"Their":[16],"high":[17],"vulnerability":[18,121],"natural":[20,43,115,146],"hazards":[21],"is":[22],"often":[23],"defined":[24],"by":[25],"low":[26],"levels":[27],"economic":[29],"resources,":[30],"data":[31,79],"scarcity,":[32],"limited":[34],"professional":[35],"expertise.":[36],"As":[37],"frequency":[39],"severity":[41],"disasters":[44],"threaten":[45],"increase":[47],"with":[48,118,177,213],"climate":[49,210],"change,":[50],"as":[52],"sprawl":[54],"densify":[56],"in":[57,85,87,163,168,175,190,225],"hazardous":[58],"areas,":[59],"better":[60],"decision-making":[61,221],"tools":[62],"needed":[64],"mitigate":[66],"effects":[68],"near-":[70],"long-term":[72],"extreme":[73],"events.":[74],"We":[75],"use":[76,171],"mostly":[77],"public":[78],"from":[80],"landslide":[81],"flooding":[83],"events":[84],"2017":[86],"Freetown,":[88],"Sierra":[89],"Leone":[90],"simulate":[92,102],"events\u2019":[94],"impact":[95],"on":[96,158,222],"transportation":[97,204,223],"infrastructure":[98,186,224],"continue":[100],"alternative":[103],"high-risk":[104],"disasters.":[105],"From":[106],"this,":[107],"we":[108],"propose":[109],"a":[110],"replicable":[111],"framework":[112],"that":[113,137],"combines":[114],"hazard":[116,147,208],"estimates":[117],"road":[119,129,161,170,179,195],"network":[120,200],"analysis":[122],"for":[123],"data-scarce":[124,226],"environments.":[125,227],"Freetown\u2019s":[126],"central":[128],"intersections":[130],"transects":[132,192],"identified,":[134],"particularly":[135],"those":[136],"both":[139],"prone":[140],"serviceability":[142],"loss":[143],"due":[144],"whose":[149],"disruption":[150],"would":[151],"cause":[152],"severe":[155],"immediate":[156],"consequences":[157],"entire":[160],"supply":[162],"terms":[164],"connectivity.":[166],"Variations":[167],"possible":[169],"tested":[174],"areas":[176],"potential":[178],"improvements,":[180],"pointing":[181],"opportunities":[183],"harden":[185],"or":[187],"reinforce":[188],"redundancy":[189],"strategic":[191],"network.":[196],"This":[197],"method":[198],"furthers":[199],"science\u2019s":[201],"contributions":[202],"resilience":[205],"under":[206],"hydrometeorological":[207],"change":[211],"threats":[212],"goal":[215],"informing":[217],"investments":[218],"improving":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}