{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908520132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","title":"In the uncanny valley, transportation predicts narrative enjoyment more than empathy, but only for the tragic hero","display_name":"In the uncanny valley, transportation predicts narrative enjoyment more than empathy, but only for the tragic hero","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908520132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","mag":"2908520132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219300202/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219300202/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032987775","display_name":"Karl Fredric MacDorman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-4184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-4184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388446366","display_name":"Indiana University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/03eftgw80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl F. MacDorman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 535 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-4184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 535 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032987775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388446366"],"apc_list":{"value":2050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2050},"apc_paid":{"value":2050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2050},"fwci":47.6558,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99683514,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":"140","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny-valley","display_name":"uncanny valley","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-empathy","display_name":"narrative empathy","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-empathy","display_name":"affective empathy","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-enjoyment","display_name":"narrative enjoyment","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation","display_name":"transportation","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tragic-hero","display_name":"tragic hero","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"computer animation","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serious-games","display_name":"serious games","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleconsultation","display_name":"teleconsultation","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasive-technology","display_name":"persuasive technology","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8879863023757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7960187196731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.789459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2365568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844664","display_name":"Uncanny valley","level":3,"score":0.7212154269218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6267724633216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779702343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166770","display_name":"Depiction","level":2,"score":0.5344843864440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780362631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633852","display_name":"Uncanny","level":2,"score":0.5042520761489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208195","display_name":"Pleasure","level":2,"score":0.46436330676078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.4581024944782257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776538412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989963","display_name":"Storytelling","level":3,"score":0.4435453414916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4230380654335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.4218499958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.413392037153244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.29756322503089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.20202931761741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1947011947631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.11183282732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219300202/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/21319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/21319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publisher","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.iupui.edu:1805/21319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1805/21319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402593","display_name":"Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publisher","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2998365903","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/handle/1805/21319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525035","display_name":"Publisher","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Publisher","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.011","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219300202/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3189743380","display_name":"Indiana Program of Excellence in Biomedical Computing","funder_award_id":"P20GM066402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310263","display_name":"Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908520132.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908520132.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259224829","https://openalex.org/W357786338","https://openalex.org/W1593699443","https://openalex.org/W1598517837","https://openalex.org/W1720363294","https://openalex.org/W1766531844","https://openalex.org/W1832678622","https://openalex.org/W1867827413","https://openalex.org/W1931218588","https://openalex.org/W1968290862","https://openalex.org/W1968460730","https://openalex.org/W1971410477","https://openalex.org/W1974413721","https://openalex.org/W1976156697","https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W1982286843","https://openalex.org/W1986530040","https://openalex.org/W1989601496","https://openalex.org/W1990650532","https://openalex.org/W2008834067","https://openalex.org/W2022824216","https://openalex.org/W2026871208","https://openalex.org/W2032460447","https://openalex.org/W2035128922","https://openalex.org/W2051196560","https://openalex.org/W2063306756","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2075750562","https://openalex.org/W2084235337","https://openalex.org/W2085646006","https://openalex.org/W2094033931","https://openalex.org/W2094482505","https://openalex.org/W2101870300","https://openalex.org/W2110475150","https://openalex.org/W2113669408","https://openalex.org/W2116385068","https://openalex.org/W2121184995","https://openalex.org/W2128550182","https://openalex.org/W2129552065","https://openalex.org/W2130995195","https://openalex.org/W2140357702","https://openalex.org/W2148026136","https://openalex.org/W2149653101","https://openalex.org/W2150422125","https://openalex.org/W2152504597","https://openalex.org/W2153480757","https://openalex.org/W2167872834","https://openalex.org/W2240797251","https://openalex.org/W2264380672","https://openalex.org/W2434972321","https://openalex.org/W2469055036","https://openalex.org/W2478520783","https://openalex.org/W2490443279","https://openalex.org/W2517131748","https://openalex.org/W2521476931","https://openalex.org/W2549023150","https://openalex.org/W2560698439","https://openalex.org/W2739984756","https://openalex.org/W2783207420","https://openalex.org/W2788535313","https://openalex.org/W2901263157","https://openalex.org/W2964333735","https://openalex.org/W4236994453","https://openalex.org/W4247286306","https://openalex.org/W4294255555","https://openalex.org/W6722885164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2408531409","https://openalex.org/W2485785789","https://openalex.org/W7111497616","https://openalex.org/W1968290862","https://openalex.org/W4385160209","https://openalex.org/W6996163734","https://openalex.org/W2999240359","https://openalex.org/W111013782","https://openalex.org/W1493939802","https://openalex.org/W1832678622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108,180],"uncanny":[1,53],"valley":[2,54],"is":[3,47],"a":[4,36,61,76,79,83,162,177],"term":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,49],"describe":[8],"the":[9,29,52,73,85,89,119,130,173,185,192],"phenomenon":[10],"that":[11,14],"human":[12,33],"simulations":[13],"are":[15],"nearly":[16],"but":[17,133],"not":[18],"quite":[19],"realistic":[20],"often":[21],"give":[22],"viewers":[23],"an":[24],"uneasy,":[25],"eerie":[26],"feeling.":[27],"Given":[28],"prevalence":[30],"of":[31,75,166,184,194],"computer-animated":[32,186],"characters":[34],"and":[35,43,58,101,116,122,137,182],"narrative":[37,56,135,167],"framework":[38],"in":[39,78,88,118,126,196],"videogames,":[40],"serious":[41],"games,":[42],"health-related":[44],"scenarios,":[45],"it":[46],"important":[48],"examine":[50],"how":[51],"influences":[55],"empathy":[57,115,128,160],"enjoyment.":[59],"In":[60,152],"2":[62,64,66],"\u00d7":[63,65],"between-groups":[67],"posttest-only":[68],"experiment,":[69],"738":[70],"participants":[71],"took":[72],"role":[74],"patient":[77],"virtual":[80],"consultation":[81,86,188],"with":[82,156,176],"doctor;":[84],"varied":[87],"doctor's":[90],"character":[91],"(hero":[92,141],"or":[93,99,106],"villain),":[94],"its":[95,102],"subplot":[96],"ending":[97],"(happy":[98],"tragic),":[100],"depiction":[103],"(computer":[104],"animated":[105],"real).":[107],"participants'":[109],"posttest":[110],"results":[111],"showed":[112],"greater":[113,134,147],"emotional":[114,127,159],"enjoyment":[117,136,168,181],"hero":[120,175],"condition":[121],"no":[123],"significant":[124],"difference":[125],"for":[129,172,191],"computer":[131,154],"animation":[132,155,195],"persuasion.":[138],"Just":[139],"endings":[140],"rewarded,":[142],"villain":[143],"punished)":[144],"elicited":[145],"much":[146],"pleasure":[148],"than":[149,169],"unjust":[150],"endings.":[151],"comparing":[153],"recorded":[157],"video,":[158],"was":[161],"significantly":[163],"stronger":[164],"predictor":[165],"transportation":[170],"only":[171],"real":[174],"tragic":[178],"ending.":[179],"persuasiveness":[183],"doctor\u2013patient":[187],"bodes":[189],"well":[190],"use":[193],"interactive":[197],"visual":[198],"narratives.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}