{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908095867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v16i8.538","title":"EARLY TOWN PLANNING SYSTEM OF SMALL TOWNS IN PERAK","display_name":"EARLY TOWN PLANNING SYSTEM OF SMALL TOWNS IN PERAK","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908095867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v16i8.538","mag":"2908095867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2908095867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v16i8.538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.planningmalaysia.org/index.php/pmj/article/download/538/432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764548735","display_name":"PLANNING MALAYSIA","issn_l":"0128-0945","issn":["0128-0945","1675-6215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLANNING MALAYSIA","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082476942","display_name":"Mohd Jaki Bin Mamat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-8208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-8208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Jaki Mamat","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Housing, Building and Planning#R##N##R##N#UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-8208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Housing, Building and Planning#R##N##R##N#UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046257899","display_name":"Muhammad Firzan Abdul Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-9123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-9123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Firzan Abdul Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Housing, Building and Planning#R##N##R##N#UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-9123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Housing, Building and Planning#R##N##R##N#UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92552234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13520","display_name":"Architectural and Urban Studies","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13520","display_name":"Architectural and Urban Studies","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.20839999616146088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13519","display_name":"Historical Architecture and Urbanism","score":0.06210000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-towns","display_name":"small towns","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perak","display_name":"Perak","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-colonial-period","display_name":"British colonial period","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-systems","display_name":"grid systems","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-layout","display_name":"linear layout","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topography","display_name":"topography","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumut","display_name":"Lumut","score":0.9120000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018591125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865","display_name":"Kuala lumpur","level":2,"score":0.5640391111373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992325636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Town planning","level":3,"score":0.5560796856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5457696914672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018468719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3957","display_name":"Small town","level":2,"score":0.5239179730415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123588078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763","display_name":"Peninsula","level":2,"score":0.5111497044563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.5076180696487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017649214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854","display_name":"Sri lanka","level":3,"score":0.4142683744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.33917900919914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.33547139167785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2873340845108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.26528266072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.21806970238685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18081256747245789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17856261134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16374963521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1081824004650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2908095867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v16i8.538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.planningmalaysia.org/index.php/pmj/article/download/538/432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764548735","display_name":"PLANNING MALAYSIA","issn_l":"0128-0945","issn":["0128-0945","1675-6215"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLANNING MALAYSIA","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.875,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894790560","https://openalex.org/W4405956019","https://openalex.org/W3154677507","https://openalex.org/W2222362662","https://openalex.org/W2955037471","https://openalex.org/W2781586294","https://openalex.org/W2090809234","https://openalex.org/W3023408714","https://openalex.org/W1984473059","https://openalex.org/W3166739050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"township":[1],"planning":[2,63,78],"in":[3,12,21,73,83,104,162,170,196,216],"Perak":[4,105,171],"was":[5,160,175,191],"affected":[6,37],"post-signing":[7],"of":[8,29,41,61,80,95,100,143,167,198,202,213],"the":[9,15,18,26,33,38,59,65,93,138,144,154,164,200,210],"Pangkor":[10],"Treaty":[11],"1874,":[13],"as":[14,45,92],"state":[16,20],"became":[17],"first":[19],"Malaysian":[22],"Peninsula":[23],"intervened":[24],"by":[25,32],"British.":[27],"Introduction":[28],"grid":[30],"system":[31,79,174],"British":[34,66],"has":[35],"apparently":[36],"early":[39,76,165,203,211],"layout":[40,166,212],"major":[42],"cities":[43],"such":[44],"Ipoh,":[46],"Taiping,":[47],"Kuala":[48,115],"Lumpur,":[49],"George":[50],"Town":[51],"and":[52,129,140,185],"Singapore.":[53],"This":[54],"study":[55,155],"attempts":[56],"to":[57,75,193],"investigate":[58],"theory":[60],"town":[62,77],"during":[64],"era":[67],"after":[68],"noticing":[69],"a":[70],"knowledge":[71],"gap":[72],"regard":[74],"small":[81,102,112,168,214],"towns":[82,103,113,169,215],"Perak.":[84,217],"Based":[85,150],"on":[86,151],"purposive":[87],"sampling":[88],"using":[89],"varying":[90],"topographies":[91],"criterion":[94],"site":[96],"selection,":[97],"10":[98],"out":[99],"20":[101],"were":[106,114,135,147],"selected":[107],"for":[108],"data":[109],"collection.":[110],"Kurau,":[116],"Klian":[117],"Intan,":[118],"Bagan":[119],"Datoh,":[120],"Lumut,":[121],"Parit,":[122],"Tanjung":[123],"Rambutan,":[124],"Pusing,":[125],"Sungkai,":[126],"Padang":[127],"Rengas":[128],"Lenggong.":[130],"Besides":[131],"measured":[132],"drawings,":[133],"interviews":[134],"conducted":[136],"with":[137],"locals":[139],"historical":[141],"manuscripts":[142],"research":[145],"locale":[146],"also":[148],"revisited.":[149],"comparative":[152],"analysis,":[153],"found":[156,192],"that":[157],"topographical":[158,179],"factor":[159,190],"insignificant":[161],"influencing":[163,199],"since":[172],"linear":[173],"used":[176],"at":[177],"different":[178],"background":[180],"(riverside,":[181],"coastal,":[182],"hilly":[183],"terrain":[184],"flatland":[186],"areas).":[187],"Moreover,":[188],"location":[189],"be":[194],"significant":[195],"terms":[197],"arrangement":[201],"shophouse":[204],"buildings":[205],"into":[206],"rows,":[207],"which":[208],"influenced":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-01-11T00:00:00"}