{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907889276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01027","title":"Quantum Conditional Random Field","display_name":"Quantum Conditional Random Field","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907889276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01027","mag":"2907889276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.01027","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.01027","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.01027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.01027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001308300","display_name":"Yusen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-6945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-6945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Yusen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryptology , P.O. Box 5159 , Beijing , 100878 , China","State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology , P.O. Box 5159 , Beijing , 100878 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034066515","display_name":"Chao\u2010Hua Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-7025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-7025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Chao-Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102949290","display_name":"Bin\u2010Bin Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-5932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-5932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Binbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040230786","display_name":"Su\u2010Juan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-6711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-6711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin, Sujuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050423562","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-4364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-4364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071607720","display_name":"Qiaoyan Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-9726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-9726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021250","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qtv5q45","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen, Qiaoyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , 100876 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4392021250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithms","display_name":"quantum algorithms","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian-construction","display_name":"Hamiltonian construction","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-measurement","display_name":"quantum measurement","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-speedup","display_name":"exponential speedup","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vc-dimension","display_name":"VC dimension","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-neural-networks","display_name":"quantum neural networks","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.7899987697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6418964266777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6396085619926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6326131224632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5870519280433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5545670390129089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.4944875240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47561460733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.46383389830589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4493737518787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43748363852500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4152892231941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4146595001220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40921318531036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36671775579452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24942171573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1502927839756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13160955905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.09377133846282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.01027","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.01027","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.01027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.01027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.01027","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.01027","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.01027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907889276.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907889276.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199424061","https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1976050108","https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W2029538739","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W2097174474","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2234450295","https://openalex.org/W2489886790","https://openalex.org/W2786434003","https://openalex.org/W3101872593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104006983","https://openalex.org/W1775188621","https://openalex.org/W2916195305","https://openalex.org/W2114521167","https://openalex.org/W7100534281","https://openalex.org/W2273105861","https://openalex.org/W2917217327","https://openalex.org/W4293169349","https://openalex.org/W7160538513","https://openalex.org/W2120247405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conditional":[0],"random":[1],"field":[2],"(CRF)":[3],"is":[4,16,32,82,116],"an":[5,88],"important":[6],"probabilistic":[7],"machine":[8],"learning":[9,121],"model":[10,31,65,102],"for":[11,48],"labeling":[12,49],"sequential":[13,50],"data,":[14],"which":[15,113],"widely":[17],"utilized":[18],"in":[19,52,57],"natural":[20],"language":[21],"processing,":[22],"bioinformatics":[23],"and":[24,70,72],"computer":[25],"vision.":[26],"However,":[27],"training":[28,38],"the":[29,53,85,100,109],"CRF":[30,63,111],"computationally":[33],"intractable":[34],"when":[35],"large":[36],"scale":[37],"samples":[39],"are":[40],"processed.":[41],"Since":[42],"little":[43],"work":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"done":[47],"data":[51],"quantum":[54,62,75],"settings,":[55],"we":[56,96],"this":[58,79],"paper":[59],"construct":[60],"a":[61,74,119],"(QCRF)":[64],"by":[66],"introducing":[67],"well-defined":[68],"Hamiltonians":[69],"measurements,":[71],"present":[73],"algorithm":[76,86],"to":[77],"train":[78],"model.":[80],"It":[81],"shown":[83],"that":[84,99],"achieves":[87],"exponential":[89],"speed-up":[90],"over":[91],"its":[92],"classical":[93,110],"counterpart.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"also":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"QCRF":[101,115],"possesses":[103],"higher":[104,120],"Vapnik":[105],"Chervonenkis":[106],"dimension":[107],"than":[108],"model,":[112],"means":[114],"equipped":[117],"with":[118],"ability.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-01-11T00:00:00"}