{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907804128","doi":null,"title":"Anatomy of the Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in Zimbabwe: Introducing the 3E Model","display_name":"Anatomy of the Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in Zimbabwe: Introducing the 3E Model","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907804128","mag":"2907804128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2907804128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3130094_code2149113.pdf?abstractid=3130094&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3130094_code2149113.pdf?abstractid=3130094&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003428693","display_name":"Thabani Nyoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153455119","display_name":"University of Zimbabwe","ror":"https://ror.org/04ze6rb18","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153455119"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thabani Nyoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["#R##N#University of Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#R##N#University of Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153455119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058440722","display_name":"Wellington Garikai Bonga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-5584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-5584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117467261","display_name":"Great Zimbabwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wn5gw44","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117467261"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wellington Garikai Bonga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Great Zimbabwe University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Great Zimbabwe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117467261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13547","display_name":"Economic and Industrial Development","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-success-factors","display_name":"success factors","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-factors","display_name":"environmental factors","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-factors","display_name":"entrepreneurial factors","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-support","display_name":"government support","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-capital","display_name":"access to capital","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-entrepreneurship","display_name":"gender and entrepreneurship","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6125537157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48879800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622439","display_name":"Small and medium-sized enterprises","level":2,"score":0.5622609853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5112283229827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.5012145042419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1109680","display_name":"Small business","level":2,"score":0.47534653544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.4587578773498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.45872873067855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43334487080574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4297691583633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.41758063435554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3157120943069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.24151873588562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22410738468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.19295749068260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1217356026172638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.11963781714439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2907804128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3130094_code2149113.pdf?abstractid=3130094&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2907804128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3130094_code2149113.pdf?abstractid=3130094&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534113885","https://openalex.org/W2289962834","https://openalex.org/W3183609485","https://openalex.org/W2978524257","https://openalex.org/W2610500990","https://openalex.org/W2590279776","https://openalex.org/W121426237","https://openalex.org/W3194501493","https://openalex.org/W3216663301","https://openalex.org/W4412117631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"most":[1,63],"entrepreneurs":[2,286],"around":[3],"the":[4,22,68,81,85,93,103,118,131,138,154,159,205,219,242],"globe":[5],"acknowledge":[6],"that":[7,130,241],"they":[8],"began":[9],"their":[10,40,107,114,289],"businesses":[11],"either":[12],"as":[13,54,84,92],"a":[14,17,44,164,201,228],"hobby":[15],"or":[16],"secondary":[18],"source":[19,70],"of":[20,24,71,96,113,122,143,158,161,167,177,204,213,244,275,281],"income,":[21],"mushrooming":[23],"SMEs":[25,42,65,73,123,132,146,168,184,208,220,245,301],"in":[26,47,59,124,134,169,185,209,246,287],"Zimbabwe":[27,135,170,186,232,247],"has":[28,78],"been":[29,79,189],"prompted":[30],"by":[31,195],"unprecedented":[32],"company":[33],"closures":[34],"which":[35],"saw":[36],"many":[37],"workers":[38],"losing":[39],"jobs.":[41],"occupy":[43],"central":[45],"position":[46],"solving":[48],"socio":[49],"\u2013":[50,75],"economic":[51],"problems":[52],"such":[53,91],"unemployment":[55],"and":[56,102,111,120,156,227,256,264,269,279,296],"poverty,":[57],"especially":[58],"developing":[60],"countries.":[61],"For":[62],"Zimbabweans,":[64],"have":[66,187],"become":[67],"major":[69],"livelihood.":[72],"sector":[74,133],"led":[76],"growth":[77,110],"touted":[80],"world":[82],"over":[83],"stepping-stone":[86],"for":[87,153,183,207],"industrialization.":[88],"Developed":[89],"economies":[90],"United":[94,104],"States":[95],"American,":[97],"Japan,":[98],"Switzerland,":[99],"China,":[100],"Australia":[101],"Kingdom":[105],"trace":[106],"development":[108,112],"from":[109,291],"SMEs.":[115],"Owing":[116],"to":[117,199,217,231],"importance":[119],"place":[121],"any":[125],"economy,":[126],"it":[127,140],"is":[128,151,193,216,233],"imperative":[129],"should":[136],"get":[137],"attention":[139,290],"deserves.":[141],"Understanding":[142],"why":[144],"some":[145],"succeed":[147],"while":[148],"others":[149],"fail":[150],"essential":[152],"stability":[155],"health":[157],"economy":[160],"Zimbabwe.":[162,210],"Developing":[163],"deeper":[165],"understanding":[166],"can":[171],"never":[172],"be":[173],"complete":[174],"without":[175],"recognition":[176],"CSFs.":[178,302],"Despite":[179],"this":[180,214],"fact,":[181],"CSFs":[182,206,221],"not":[188],"studied.":[190],"The":[191,211,235,283],"paper":[192,215],"motivated":[194],"an":[196],"urgent":[197],"need":[198],"develop":[200],"common":[202],"framework":[203],"purpose":[212],"unbundle":[218],"through":[222],"Systematic":[223],"Literature":[224],"Review":[225],"(SLR)":[226],"special":[229],"reference":[230],"made.":[234],"proposed":[236],"3E":[237],"conceptual":[238],"model":[239,284],"depicts":[240],"success":[243],"largely":[248],"depends":[249],"on":[250,300],"enterprise":[251],"factors":[252,260,271,295],"(e.g":[253,261,272],"technology,":[254],"marketing":[255],"management":[257],"skills),":[258],"environmental":[259],"social":[262],"networks":[263],"government":[265],"&":[266,293],"financial":[267],"support)":[268],"entrepreneurial":[270],"gender,":[273],"age":[274],"owner,":[276],"education":[277],"level":[278],"availability":[280],"capital).":[282],"guides":[285],"shifting":[288],"numerous":[292],"unnecessary":[294],"helps":[297],"them":[298],"focus":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-01-11T00:00:00"}
