{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907049548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","title":"Extraction of Temperature-Dependent Thermoelectric Material Parameters of a Thermoelectric Cooler by the Non-Linear Least Squares Method","display_name":"Extraction of Temperature-Dependent Thermoelectric Material Parameters of a Thermoelectric Cooler by the Non-Linear Least Squares Method","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907049548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","mag":"2907049548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en12010169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/169/pdf?version=1546617164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/169/pdf?version=1546617164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047374067","display_name":"Shanjun Nie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanjun Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China","University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100149, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100149, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingfu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingfu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102318018","display_name":"Xiaodong Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113208204","display_name":"Jingyu Liao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Optics And Electronics, The Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1824},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1824},"fwci":0.0849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29366749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"169","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13251","display_name":"Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-cooler","display_name":"thermoelectric cooler","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependent-material-parameters","display_name":"temperature-dependent material parameters","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-extraction","display_name":"parameter extraction","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seebeck-coefficient","display_name":"Seebeck coefficient","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity","display_name":"electrical resistivity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"thermal conductivity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-least-squares","display_name":"nonlinear least squares","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-resistance","display_name":"contact resistance","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.8808228373527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.8064974546432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.7018755078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6350405216217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5603747963905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207365445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15020929","display_name":"Thermoelectric materials","level":3,"score":0.5572712421417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5380155444145203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112625512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448","display_name":"Seebeck coefficient","level":3,"score":0.49400073289871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4797181487083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4149245619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2492605447769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2409118413925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16442131996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15102386474609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10905587673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en12010169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/169/pdf?version=1546617164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:169-:d:195039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/169/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22174b94b26347f7a78a90cc15cf0eec","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22174b94b26347f7a78a90cc15cf0eec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 169 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en12010169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/169/pdf?version=1546617164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.571399986743927,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907049548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907049548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1831911824","https://openalex.org/W1963923753","https://openalex.org/W1981798565","https://openalex.org/W1997307165","https://openalex.org/W2004350475","https://openalex.org/W2023585034","https://openalex.org/W2026345323","https://openalex.org/W2028802659","https://openalex.org/W2031790068","https://openalex.org/W2032450926","https://openalex.org/W2034110583","https://openalex.org/W2035674875","https://openalex.org/W2037150258","https://openalex.org/W2039706858","https://openalex.org/W2070787159","https://openalex.org/W2093126489","https://openalex.org/W2120463101","https://openalex.org/W2138668863","https://openalex.org/W2504999528","https://openalex.org/W2983424469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390687892","https://openalex.org/W4416367318","https://openalex.org/W2153868853","https://openalex.org/W3181541870","https://openalex.org/W2944595222","https://openalex.org/W4392503795","https://openalex.org/W4410823634","https://openalex.org/W2170306405","https://openalex.org/W2008730351","https://openalex.org/W2031790068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"method":[4,25,33],"of":[5,9,16,26,105,114,148],"extracting":[6,37],"temperature-dependent":[7,38],"parameters":[8,40,127,131,144],"thermoelectric":[10,17,120],"material":[11,39,107,121,143],"from":[12],"the":[13,22,42,76,80,91,98,103,118,125,129,138,141,146],"operating":[14,54],"conditions":[15],"cooler":[18],"(TEC).":[19],"Based":[20],"on":[21,102],"finite":[23],"element":[24],"calculating":[27],"TEC\u2019s":[28],"performance,":[29],"non-linear":[30],"least":[31],"squares":[32],"is":[34,69,95],"used":[35],"for":[36],"including":[41],"seebeck":[43],"coefficient,":[44],"electrical":[45,87],"resistivity":[46],"and":[47,58,66,90,112,128,154],"thermal":[48,56],"conductivity":[49],"(\u03b1,":[50],"\u03c1,":[51],"\u03ba)":[52],"as":[53,64,71],"current,":[55],"load":[57],"hot":[59],"end":[60],"temperature":[61,68,111],"are":[62,122],"taken":[63,70],"inputs":[65],"cooling":[67,110],"output.":[72],"To":[73],"further":[74],"improve":[75],"voltage":[77,99,113],"calculation":[78,92],"accuracy,":[79,150],"electric":[81],"resistance":[82,89],"error":[83,94],"factor":[84],"which":[85],"includes":[86],"contact":[88],"model":[93],"extracted":[96,106,126,142],"with":[97,117,137],"being":[100],"output":[101],"basis":[104],"parameters.":[108],"The":[109],"another":[115],"TEC":[116],"same":[119],"recalculated":[123],"by":[124,133],"exact":[130],"provided":[132],"manufacturer":[134],"respectively.":[135],"Compared":[136],"experimental":[139],"results,":[140],"have":[145],"advantages":[147],"high":[149],"wide":[151],"application":[152],"ranges":[153],"easily":[155],"implementing":[156],"in":[157],"evaluating":[158],"TECs\u2019":[159],"performance.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2019-01-11T00:00:00"}
