{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906606754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","title":"Reply to Chandrasekhar: Socioeconomic Disparities and Health Outcomes","display_name":"Reply to Chandrasekhar: Socioeconomic Disparities and Health Outcomes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906606754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","mag":"2906606754","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580532","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6423094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93356601","display_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1073-449X","issn":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316311","host_organization_name":"American Thoracic Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Thoracic Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060026327","display_name":"Sarath Raju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-5615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-5615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarath Raju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053046884","display_name":"Corinne Allison Keet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-239X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-239X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corinne A. Keet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083223265","display_name":"Laura M. Paulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-6858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0265-6858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura M. Paulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002714937","display_name":"Elizabeth Cotton Matsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-5593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-5593"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth C. Matsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023824672","display_name":"Roger D. Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-9055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-9055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger D. Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000991941","display_name":"Nadia N. Hansel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-9751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-9751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia N. Hansel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004605368","display_name":"Meredith C. McCormack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-3201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-3201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meredith C. McCormack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004605368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"199","issue":"6","first_page":"808","last_page":"809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-outcomes","display_name":"health outcomes","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geocoding","display_name":"geocoding","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-data","display_name":"census data","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9265973567962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7740567922592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67576285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51366","display_name":"Chandrasekhar limit","level":4,"score":0.7547012567520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.4968102276325226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.42700302600860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4167090058326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32906845211982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.19725412130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.1263936460018158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.09385716915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197445014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5871","display_name":"White dwarf","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93356601","display_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1073-449X","issn":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316311","host_organization_name":"American Thoracic Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Thoracic Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5414908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6423094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6423094","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6423094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30580532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201811-2185le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93356601","display_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"1073-449X","issn":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316311","host_organization_name":"American Thoracic Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Thoracic Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2828143409","display_name":"Comparing Urban and Rural Effects of Poverty on COPD (CURE COPD)","funder_award_id":"P50MD010431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5628635248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R836150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320835","funder_display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7097025236","display_name":"The Impact of Household Heating Practices and Particulate Matter Exposure on COPD Morbidity in Rural Communities","funder_award_id":"F32ES029786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G714533881","display_name":"Clean Air- Heart: Clinical trial of an air purifier intervention to reduce indoor particulate matter and improve cardiovascular outcomes in COPD","funder_award_id":"R21ES025840","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320835","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbqeh37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049406759","https://openalex.org/W2899154252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083117436","https://openalex.org/W2338436324","https://openalex.org/W2018881035","https://openalex.org/W2502367457","https://openalex.org/W2155532314","https://openalex.org/W199199487","https://openalex.org/W7096647397","https://openalex.org/W6939718312","https://openalex.org/W2345097452","https://openalex.org/W2157757373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"area-based":[0],"measures.Although":[1],"the":[2,12,31],"availability":[3],"of":[4],"public":[5],"datasets":[6],"such":[7,16,29],"as":[8,30],"that":[9,23],"provided":[10],"by":[11],"U.S.":[13],"Census":[14],"make":[15],"investigations":[17],"possible,":[18],"it":[19],"must":[20],"be":[21],"emphasized":[22],"their":[24],"implementation":[25],"is":[26],"challenging.Several":[27],"resources,":[28],"Public":[32],"Health":[33],"Disparities":[34],"Geocoding":[35],"Project":[36],"(6),":[37],"are":[38],"available":[39],"to":[40,45],"provide":[41],"guidance":[42],"on":[43,48],"techniques":[44],"conduct":[46],"research":[47],"socioeconomic":[49],"gradients":[50],"in":[51],"health.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-01-01T00:00:00"}
