{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906534768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","title":"Understanding the Pathology Job Market: An Analysis of 2330 Pathology Job Advertisements From 2013 Through 2017","display_name":"Understanding the Pathology Job Market: An Analysis of 2330 Pathology Job Advertisements From 2013 Through 2017","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906534768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","mag":"2906534768","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30785304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139062638","display_name":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9985","issn":["0003-9985","1543-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029140080","display_name":"Debra L. Zynger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-5699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-5699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debra L. Zynger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus (Dr Zynger)","PathologyOutlines.com, Inc, Bingham Farms, Michigan (Drs Pernick and Zynger)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus (Dr Zynger)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PathologyOutlines.com, Inc, Bingham Farms, Michigan (Drs Pernick and Zynger)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065247883","display_name":"Nat L. Pernick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-7803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-7803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nat Pernick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus (Dr Zynger)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus (Dr Zynger)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-advertisements","display_name":"job advertisements","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-trends","display_name":"employment trends","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-retention","display_name":"physician retention","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-burnout","display_name":"physician burnout","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-well-being","display_name":"physician well-being","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985000018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Job market","level":3,"score":0.652015745639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.5567309856414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43884462118148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3464406728744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3380892872810364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16114985942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1076200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072142","descriptor_name":"Pathologists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000329","descriptor_name":"Advertising","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139062638","display_name":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9985","issn":["0003-9985","1543-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30785304","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30785304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0388-le","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139062638","display_name":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9985","issn":["0003-9985","1543-2165"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2773454674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387865749","https://openalex.org/W3119721564","https://openalex.org/W2773454674","https://openalex.org/W3004658886","https://openalex.org/W2786084367","https://openalex.org/W3001108324","https://openalex.org/W3002569576","https://openalex.org/W2979589474","https://openalex.org/W4283774172","https://openalex.org/W2066166161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"the":[1,5,8,26,65,79,99,134,149,167,177,183,194,214,233,257,268,273,420,437,458,474,578,591],"Editor.\u2014In":[2],"response":[3],"to":[4,369,557,572,596],"article":[6],"evaluating":[7],"job":[9,28,58,83,128,136,187,248,283,312,326,338,357,364,407,438,588],"search":[10],"experience":[11],"of":[12,81,101,116,125,152,166,213,227,235,311,336,379,415,423],"recent":[13],"pathology":[14,82,290,297,341,451,463,481,497,533,541,587],"resident":[15],"and":[16,51,68,91,140,148,262,278,314,449,486,493,495,502,515,531,613],"fellow":[17],"trainee":[18],"graduates":[19],"by":[20,144,172,466],"Gratzinger":[21,145,244],"et":[22,146,245],"al,1":[23],"we":[24,95],"reviewed":[25],"2330":[27],"advertisements":[29,59],"for":[30,46,62,72,88,106,180,191,217,309,318,470,479,506,518,539],"pathologists":[31],"(full":[32],"or":[33,124,201,294,345,385,388,393],"part":[34],"time)":[35],"posted":[36,108,123,160,189],"at":[37,399],"www.PathologyOutlines.com":[38],"during":[39,473,577],"2013":[40],"through":[41,375],"2017.":[42],"We":[43],"excluded":[44],"postings":[45,84],"locum":[47],"tenens,":[48],"residency,":[49],"fellowship,":[50],"nonpathologist":[52],"positions.":[53,93],"For":[54],"this":[55,77,404],"period,":[56,78,179,405,581],"2153":[57],"(92.4%)":[60],"were":[61,71,121,159,190,216,250,366,440,456,510,554,569],"positions":[63,73,192,219],"within":[64,182,590],"United":[66,184,592],"States":[67],"154":[69],"(6.6%)":[70],"in":[74,163,193,230,256,272,352,436,607],"Canada.":[75],"During":[76,176],"number":[80],"increased":[85],"every":[86],"year":[87,169],"both":[89],"academic":[90,218,228,241,337,356,363,514,574],"private":[92,254,325,353,516,614],"Although":[94],"cannot":[96],"rule":[97],"out":[98],"possibility":[100],"an":[102,225,240],"increasing":[103,117],"market":[104,137,589],"share":[105],"jobs":[107,181,601],"on":[109],"our":[110,582],"website,":[111],"there":[112,509],"was":[113,270,307,316,347,361,477],"no":[114,207,301],"evidence":[115],"word-of-mouth":[118],"offerings":[119],"that":[120],"not":[122,395,538],"a":[126,348,376,413,429,551,559,565,585],"shrinking":[127],"market.":[129],"This":[130,360],"is":[131],"consistent":[132],"with":[133,206,232,300,333,419,564,605],"stable":[135,586],"survey":[138,236,424,546],"results":[139],"practice":[141],"openings":[142,229],"described":[143],"al1":[147],"2016":[150],"College":[151],"American":[153],"Pathologists":[154],"Practice":[155],"Leader":[156],"Survey.2Job":[157],"ads":[158,188,249,255,284,313,327,358,365,408,439],"most":[161,186,323,406,433,460,600],"frequently":[162,434],"quarter":[164,173],"4":[165],"calendar":[168],"(October\u2013December)":[170],"followed":[171],"3":[174,459],"(July\u2013September).":[175],"5-year":[178,475,580],"States,":[185],"South":[195,279],"(30.6%;":[196],"range,":[197,204,221,286,410,443,447,453],"27.2%\u201333.8%":[198],"per":[199,243],"year)":[200],"Northeast":[202,263],"(29.0%;":[203],"27.9%\u201330.1%),":[205],"time":[208],"trends":[209],"identified":[210],"(Figure).Consistently,":[211],"half":[212],"listings":[215],"(52.7%;":[220],"49.0%\u201354.8%)":[222],"(Table),":[223],"possibly":[224],"overrepresentation":[226],"comparison":[231],"38%":[234],"respondents":[237,425,547],"who":[238,426,548],"accepted":[239],"position":[242],"al.1":[246],"Academic":[247],"more":[251,349,367,555,570],"common":[252,350,461,507],"than":[253,355],"Midwest":[258],"(26.1%":[259],"versus":[260,265,276,281,383,391,402,521,525,529,535,543],"18.9%)":[261],"(33.1%":[264],"24.4%),":[266],"but":[267,537],"reverse":[269],"found":[271],"West":[274],"(12.6%":[275],"23.4%)":[277],"(28.3%":[280],"33.2%).Most":[282],"(77.6%;":[285],"72.6%\u201383.2%)":[287],"required":[288,308,317,328,412,435],"anatomic":[289],"(AP)":[291],"certification":[292,306,331,342,374,398],"(AP":[293],"combined":[295,329],"AP/clinical":[296],"[CP]":[298],"certification),":[299],"marked":[302,511],"trends.":[303],"Combined":[304],"AP/CP":[305,330],"36.8%":[310],"CP":[315,371,380],"only":[319,334,381],"8.6%.":[320],"Of":[321],"note,":[322],"(64.9%)":[324],"compared":[332],"11.6%":[335],"ads.":[339],"Anatomic":[340],"(ie,":[343],"AP":[344,373,387],"AP/CP)":[346],"requirement":[351,378],"(86.6%)":[354],"(69.5%).":[359],"because":[362],"willing":[368],"accept":[370,558],"without":[372],"stated":[377],"(13.8%":[382,520],"2.9%)":[384],"\u201ceither":[386],"CP\u201d":[389],"(11.1%":[390],"6.4%)":[392],"did":[394],"specify":[396],"board":[397,598],"all":[400],"(5.8%":[401],"4.2%).During":[403],"(81.7%;":[409],"73.7%\u201388.9%)":[411],"subspecialty":[414,471,603],"some":[416],"type,":[417],"compatible":[418],"reported":[421],"91%":[422],"had":[427,549],"completed":[428,465,550],"fellowship.1":[430],"The":[431],"specialties":[432],"cytopathology":[441,519,552],"(14.8%;":[442],"10.3%\u201320.2%),":[444],"hematopathology":[445,523],"(13.9%;":[446],"10.4%\u201318.0%)":[448],"gastrointestinal":[450,496,540],"(11.3%;":[452],"7.7%\u201315.0%),":[454],"which":[455],"also":[457],"nonsurgical":[462],"fellowships":[464],"trainees.1":[467],"Increasing":[468],"demand":[469],"training":[472],"period":[476],"highest":[478],"molecular":[480,532,566],"(5.2%,":[482],"5.7%,":[483],"4.4%,":[484],"8.2%,":[485],"7.9%),":[487],"dermatopathology":[488,527],"(5.6%,":[489],"4.6%,":[490],"4.8%,":[491],"7.7%,":[492,499],"8.8%),":[494],"(9.0%,":[498],"10.8%,":[500],"10.7%,":[501],"15.0%).":[503],"In":[504,594],"2017,":[505],"subspecialties,":[508],"differences":[512,606],"between":[513,611],"requirements":[517],"27.2%),":[522],"(14.4%":[524],"22.1%),":[526],"(4.3%":[528],"13.8%),":[530],"(11.5%":[534],"3.8%),":[536],"(13.2%":[542],"15.7%).":[544],"Similarly,":[545],"fellowship":[553,568],"likely":[556,571],"nonacademic":[560],"job,":[561],"whereas":[562],"those":[563],"genetic":[567],"enter":[573],"positions.1In":[575],"conclusion,":[576],"past":[579],"analysis":[583],"supports":[584],"States.":[593],"addition":[595],"primary":[597],"certification,":[599],"require":[602],"expertise,":[604],"desired":[608],"subspecialties":[609],"noted":[610],"academia":[612],"practice.":[615]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-01-01T00:00:00"}
