{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905436002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","title":"The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia","display_name":"The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905436002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","mag":"2905436002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781315254203-12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Minority Rights","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1595702356","display_name":"Global Minority Rights"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108629135","display_name":"Kwame Sundaram Jomo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K.S. Jomo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108629135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.1192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99713639,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"239","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13228","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in Asia","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13228","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in Asia","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11256","display_name":"Asian Studies and History","score":0.17350000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13057","display_name":"Asian Industrial and Economic Development","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-economic-policy","display_name":"New Economic Policy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interethnic-relations","display_name":"interethnic relations","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bumiputera","display_name":"Bumiputera","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-discrimination","display_name":"ethnic discrimination","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umno","display_name":"UMNO","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysian-chinese","display_name":"Malaysian Chinese","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-unity","display_name":"national unity","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-identity","display_name":"ethnic identity","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-malaysia-relations","display_name":"China\u2013Malaysia relations","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47472891211509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3876785635948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3437107801437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2587510347366333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9781315254203-12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254203-12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Minority Rights","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572253720","https://openalex.org/W591981985","https://openalex.org/W603737659","https://openalex.org/W614527326","https://openalex.org/W632283316","https://openalex.org/W633993519","https://openalex.org/W643440251","https://openalex.org/W1490251105","https://openalex.org/W1536742984","https://openalex.org/W1560287038","https://openalex.org/W1584501789","https://openalex.org/W1587654138","https://openalex.org/W1972428833","https://openalex.org/W2049450544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2325757254","https://openalex.org/W2140432036","https://openalex.org/W3203629383","https://openalex.org/W2748511512","https://openalex.org/W7048073368","https://openalex.org/W2742122483","https://openalex.org/W435994473","https://openalex.org/W2329639226","https://openalex.org/W2075267003","https://openalex.org/W7213653133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"La":[0,200,344,499,755,833],"Nueva":[1],"Pol\u00eetica":[2],"Economica":[3],"(NEP)":[4],"de":[5,31,40,51,53,64,76,81,122,138,143,149,166,169,182,187,194,207,212,218,257,329,354,388,411,413,420,471,477,482,488,490,502,512,519,538,547,557,566,606,612,628,647,674,757,771,780,786,788,793,795,799,805,839,854,871,875,880,905,920,935,945,962,985,997,1026,1037,1043],"Malasia":[6,88,369],"fue":[7,405],"dada":[8],"a":[9,21,37,61,133,173,249,273,297,326,450,493,701,729,743,751,764,813,847,859,862,954],"conocer":[10],"por":[11,90,373,379,398,426,432,445,455,497,506,516,535,601,705,970],"primera":[12],"vez":[13,321,815],"en":[14,29,93,97,136,185,191,198,368,375,381,390,395,428,434,447,457,469,475,579,590,626,643,685,722,903,940,956,1034,1040],"1970":[15,376],"como":[16,262,269,640,950],"la":[17,62,65,67,82,86,123,167,175,208,213,216,219,223,225,228,233,240,253,258,274,285,316,327,330,366,385,391,402,414,507,517,529,536,555,584,595,607,610,613,634,654,663,667,727,817,830,848,873,881,899,918,980,1041],"principal":[18,409],"respuesta":[19],"pol\u00eetica":[20,69],"los":[22,49,102,156,188,195,298,421,437,472,503,522,616,659,723,803,820,840,876,925,960],"disturbios":[23],"raciales":[24],"postelectorales":[25],"que":[26,34,48,73,101,105,128,146,302,401,464,594,632,694,714,772,812,829,842,861,872,889,894,972,994,1018],"tuvieron":[27],"lugar":[28,763],"mayo":[30,52],"1969":[32,54,429],"y":[33,127,193,215,291,309,341,449,552,586,649,662,708,719,759,766,823,838,852,929,983],"tambi\u00e9n":[35,55,801],"condujeron":[36],"un":[38,74,491,690,710,737],"cambio":[39,588],"r\u00e9gimen":[41,142,148,165],"importante.":[42],"En":[43,231,252,383,651,1023],"este":[44,441,895,1028],"documento":[45],"se":[46,171,260,318,346,393,592,622,745,883,951,973],"in-dica":[47],"eventos":[50],"supusieron":[56],"el":[57,95,98,147,163,245,314,350,396,418,460,480,543,562,581,587,683,696,706,749,760,809,976,1024,1035],"rechazo":[58],"popular":[59],"general":[60,591],"coalici\u00f4n":[63],"Alianza,":[66],"agrupaci\u00f4n":[68],"dominante,":[70],"al":[71,78,107,115,131,243,377,430,443,717,769,827],"igual":[72,828],"\u201cgofpe":[75],"Estado\u201d":[77],"interior":[79],"243":[80],"Organizaci\u00f3n":[83],"Nacional":[84,540,559],"para":[85,221,239,283,332,360,549,568,698,725,808,819,1013],"Unidad":[87],"(UMNO":[89],"sus":[91,967],"siglas":[92],"ingles),":[94],"partido":[96],"poder;":[99],"ya":[100],"\u201cJ\u00f3venes":[103],"Turcos\u201d":[104],"apoyaban":[106],"entonces":[108,528],"Viceprimer":[109],"Ministro":[110,117],"Tun":[111],"Abdul":[112,119],"Razak":[113,144,170],"rechazaron":[114],"Primer":[116],"Tunku":[118],"Rahman,":[120],"dirigente":[121],"UMNO":[124],"desde":[125,776],"1951":[126],"hab\u00eda":[129,151],"llevado":[130,953],"pa\u00eds":[132],"su":[134,814],"independencia":[135,211],"agosto":[137],"1957.":[139],"El":[140,362,408],"nuevo":[141,164],"estim\u00f3":[145,394],"Rahman":[150],"sido":[152,307,510,533],"excesivamente":[153],"conciliador":[154],"con":[155,210,227,293,313,323,349,542,554,561,682,689,709,917,966,979],"ubicuos":[157],"c\u00edrculos":[158,660,927],"comerciales":[159,661,703,928],"chinos.":[160],"Por":[161],"consiguiente,":[162],"NEP":[168,201,234,259,317,345,415,508,530,882],"comprometi\u00f3":[172],"fomentar":[174],"acci\u00f3n":[176,946,998],"afirmativa":[177,947],"\u00e9tnica,":[178],"o":[179,266,615],"las":[180,237,255,334,571,602,645,773,784,796,806,844,921,930,986,995,1004,1020],"pol\u00edticas":[181,256,294,573,603,621,629,944,996],"discriminaci\u00f3n":[183,655],"positiva,":[184],"nombre":[186],"malasios":[189,339],"\u00e9tnicos":[190,340,964],"particular":[192,644],"ind\u00eegenas":[196],"bumiputera":[197,264,423,473,484],"general.":[199],"ten\u00eda":[202],"dos":[203],"enfoques:":[204],"\u2018la":[205],"erradicaci\u00f3n":[206],"pobreza":[209,286,367,389],"raza\u201d":[214],"\u201cre-estructuraci\u00f3n":[217,328],"sociedad":[220],"eliminar":[222],"identificaci\ufffde":[224],"raza":[226],"funci\u00f3n":[229],"econ\u00f3mica\u201d.":[230],"teor\u00eda,":[232],"deb\u00eda":[235],"crear":[236,1014],"condiciones":[238,1015],"unidad":[241,900],"nacional,":[242,901],"reducir":[244,284,333,365],"resentimiento":[246,738,938,977],"inter\u00e9tnico":[247],"debido":[248,768],"disparidades":[250,335,922],"socioecon\u00f3micas.":[251],"pr\u00e1ctica,":[254],"percibieron":[261],"pro-":[263],",":[265,551],"m\u00e1s":[267,278,322,577,857,886,1016],"espec\u00edficamente":[268],"pro-malasios,":[270],"haciendo":[271],"referenda":[272],"comunidad":[275],"\u00e9tnica":[276,656,948,1000],"ind\u00edgena":[277],"grande.":[279],"Los":[280],"esfuerzos":[281,304],"desplegados":[282],"fue-ron":[287],"considerados":[288,525],"esencialmente":[289],"rurales":[290],"malasios,":[292],"fundamentalmente":[295],"orientadas":[296],"campesinos":[299],"malasios.":[300],"Dado":[301],"estos":[303],"no":[305,868,891],"hab\u00edan":[306,310],"pol\u00e9micos":[308],"perdido":[311],"importancia":[312,681],"tiempo,":[315],"identific\u00f3":[319],"cada":[320],"iniciativas":[324],"encaminadas":[325],"sociedad\u201d":[331],"inter\u00e9tnicas,":[336],"especialmente":[337,624],"entre":[338,741,924],"chino-malasios":[342],"\u00e9tnicos.":[343],"ha":[347,486,509,747,933,974],"asociado":[348,959,978],"primer":[351],"Plan":[352,545,564],"General":[353,546,565],"Perspectivas":[355,548,567],"[Outline":[356],"Perspective":[357],"Plan\u2014":[358],"OPP]":[359],"1971\u20131990.":[361],"OPP":[363],"pretend\u00eda":[364],"Peninsular":[370],"del":[371,424,439,453,467,495,636,778,825,836],"49":[372],"ciento":[374,380,427,433,446,456],"16":[378],"1990.":[382,435],"1990,":[384],"tasa":[386,403],"real":[387],"pen\u00ednsula":[392],"17":[397],"ciento,":[399],"mientras":[400],"nacional":[404],"ligeramente":[406],"superior.":[407],"objetivo":[410],"reestructuraci\u00f3n":[412],"era":[416,1032],"aumentar":[417],"porcentaje":[419,481],"accionistas":[422,483],"1.5":[425],"30":[431],"Seg\u00fan":[436],"datos":[438,523],"gobierno,":[440,707],"ascendi\u00f3":[442],"18":[444],"1990":[448],"algo":[451],"mas":[452,494,937],"20":[454],"2000.":[458],"Aunque":[459,570],"gobierno":[461],"preve\u00eda":[462],"inicialmente":[463],"gran":[465,513],"parte":[466],"capital":[468,718],"acciones":[470],"estar\u00eda":[474],"manos":[476],"compa\u00f1\u00edas":[478],"fiduciarias,":[479],"individuales":[485],"aumentado":[487],"menos":[489],"tercio":[492],"90":[496],"ciento.":[498],"evaluaci\u00f3n":[500],"realizada":[501],"logros":[504],"obtenidos":[505],"motivo":[511],"pol\u00e9mica,":[514],"exacerbada":[515],"falta":[518],"transparencia":[520],"sobre":[521,783],"econ\u00f3micos":[524],"confidenciales.":[526],"Desde":[527],"parece":[531],"haber":[532],"reemplazado":[534],"Pol\u00edtica":[537,556],"Desarrollo":[539],"asociada":[541],"Segundo":[544],"1991\u20132000":[550],"luego":[553],"Visi\u00f3n":[558],"vinculada":[560],"Percer":[563],"2001\u20132010.":[569],"nuevas":[572],"han":[574,677,735,884,952,958],"puesto":[575],"mucho":[576],"\u00e9nfasis":[578],"lograr":[580],"crecimiento":[582],"r\u00e1pido,":[583],"industrializaci\u00f3n":[585],"estructural;":[589],"percibe":[593],"pol\u00edtica":[596],"p\u00fablica":[597],"sigue":[598],"estando":[599],"dominada":[600],"econ\u00f3micas":[604],"inter\u00e9tnicas":[605,676,916,923],"NEP,":[608],"concretamente":[609],"redistribuci\u00f3n":[611],"riqueza":[614],"objetivos":[617,877],"\u201cde":[618],"reestructuraci\u00f3n\u201d.":[619],"Estas":[620],"consideran":[623],"importantes":[625],"t\u00e9rminos":[627,904],"p\u00fablicas":[630],"influyentes":[631],"afectan":[633],"propiedad":[635],"patrimonio":[637],"corporativo,":[638],"as\u00ed":[639],"otras":[641,652],"\u00e1reas,":[642],"oportunidades":[646,702,753,785,798],"educaci\u00f3n":[648],"empleo.":[650],"palabras,":[653],"abarca":[657],"funda-mentalmente":[658],"clase":[664],"media,":[665],"donde":[666],"tension":[668],"inter\u00e9tnica":[669,982],"es":[670,991],"mayor.":[671],"Las":[672,943],"coaliciones":[673],"empresas":[675,733],"adquirido":[678],"una":[679,1010],"creciente":[680],"tiempo;":[684],"muchos":[686],"casos":[687],"cuentan":[688],"socio":[691,711],"malasio":[692],"\u00e9tnico":[693,713,939],"consigue":[695],"cr\u00e9dito":[697],"poder":[699],"acc\u00e9der":[700],"determinadas":[704],"chino":[712],"tiene":[715],"acceso":[716,750],"suficiente":[720],"perspicacia":[721],"negocios":[724],"llevar":[726],"tarea":[728],"buen":[730],"t\u00e9rmino.":[731],"Taies":[732],"conjuntas":[734],"generado":[736,934],"considerable,":[739],"particularmente":[740],"aquellos":[742],"quienes":[744],"les":[746],"negado":[748],"taies":[752],"comerciales.":[754],"captaci\u00f3n":[756],"rentas":[758],"favoritismo":[761],"dieron":[762],"cr\u00edticas":[765],"resentimiento,":[767],"hecho":[770,936],"autoridades":[774,807],"gubernamentales,":[775],"mediados":[777],"decenio":[779],"1980,":[781],"decid\u00edan":[782],"privatizaci\u00f3n":[787,800],"manera":[789],"discrecional.":[790],"Tal":[791],"manejo":[792],"distribuci\u00f3n":[794],"244":[797],"aument\u00f3":[802],"recursos":[804],"patrocinio,":[810],"lo":[811,971],"fomentaba":[816],"competencia":[818,981],"cargos":[821],"pol\u00eeticos":[822],"dentro":[824,984],"partido,":[826],"movilidad":[831],"ascendente.":[832],"naturaleza":[834],"selectiva":[835],"proceso":[837],"procedimientos":[841],"acompa\u00f1an":[843],"licitaciones,":[845],"sumados":[846],"crisis":[849],"monetaria,":[850],"financiera":[851],"econ\u00f3mica":[853],"1997\u20131998":[855],"contribuyeron":[856],"bien":[858,867,887],"fortalecer":[860],"debilitar":[863],"esas":[864],"tendencias.":[865],"Si":[866],"cabe":[869],"duda":[870],"mayor\u00eda":[874],"socioecon\u00f3micos":[878],"espec\u00f3ficos":[879],"alcanzado,":[885],"tarde":[888],"temprano,":[890],"est\u00e1":[892],"claro":[893],"logro":[896],"haya":[897],"propiciado":[898],"entendida":[902],"unas":[906,913],"mejores":[907,914],"relaciones":[908,915,1005,1021],"inter\u00e9tnicas.":[909,1006,1022],"Asociar":[910],"casi":[911],"exclusivamente":[912],"reducci\u00f3n":[919],"respectivos":[926],"clases":[931,987],"m\u00e9dias":[932],"ambas":[941],"partes.":[942],"tal":[949],"cabo":[955],"Malasia,":[957],"intereses":[961],"grupos":[963],"enteros":[965],"respectivas":[968],"elites;":[969],"generalizado":[975],"sociales.":[988],"As\u00ed":[989],"pues,":[990],"poco":[992],"probable":[993],"positiva":[999],"logren":[1001],"mejorar":[1002],"plenamente":[1003],"Es":[1007],"preciso":[1008],"hallar":[1009],"estrategia":[1011],"alternativa":[1012],"duraderas":[1017],"mejoren":[1019],"momento":[1025],"escribir":[1027],"texto,":[1029],"Jomo":[1030],"K.S.":[1031],"Profesor":[1033],"Departamento":[1036],"Econom\u00eea":[1038],"Aplicada":[1039],"Universidad":[1042],"Malaya,":[1044],"Kuala":[1045],"Lumpur,":[1046],"Malasia.":[1047]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}