{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904739673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","title":"The Use of Telematics Devices to Improve Automobile Insurance Rates","display_name":"The Use of Telematics Devices to Improve Automobile Insurance Rates","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904739673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","mag":"2904739673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30566751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/risa.13172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161248890","display_name":"Risk Analysis","issn_l":"0272-4332","issn":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20226/1/2018-RISK-ANALYSIS-Accepted%20manuscript-20180712withsummary%20%281%29.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068231981","display_name":"Montserrat Guill\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-6268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-6268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Montserrat Guillen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085580540","display_name":"Jens Perch Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-0817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Perch Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cass Business School, City, University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cass Business School, City, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114376830","display_name":"Mercedes Ayuso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-4572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-4572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mercedes Ayuso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006023761","display_name":"Ana Mar\u00eda P\u00e9rez Mar\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-0603","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8318-0603"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","display_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/021018s57","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana M. P\u00e9rez\u2010Mar\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068231981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6508,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99077417,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"662","last_page":"672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.2761000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.1941000074148178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telematics","display_name":"telematics","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automobile-insurance-rates","display_name":"automobile insurance rates","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-inflated-poisson-regression","display_name":"zero-inflated Poisson regression","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-as-you-drive","display_name":"pay-as-you-drive","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-traveled","display_name":"distance traveled","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-effects","display_name":"learning effects","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-limit-violations","display_name":"speed limit violations","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-driving","display_name":"urban driving","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premium-discounts","display_name":"premium discounts","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety","display_name":"road safety","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89074322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485669","display_name":"Telematics","level":2,"score":0.9095804691314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992945734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068361","display_name":"Automobile insurance","level":2,"score":0.6466905474662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5019583702087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37190043926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36046069860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.343986839056015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32884466648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.281052827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19102317094802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.15534359216690063}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/risa.13172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161248890","display_name":"Risk Analysis","issn_l":"0272-4332","issn":["0272-4332","1539-6924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30566751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30566751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/351954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2445/130383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:20226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/jens=2Enielsen=2E1.html>","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20226/1/2018-RISK-ANALYSIS-Accepted%20manuscript-20180712withsummary%20%281%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/130383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2445/130383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401653","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles publicats en revistes (Econometria, Estad\u00edstica i Economia Aplicada)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:20226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/jens=2Enielsen=2E1.html>","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20226/1/2018-RISK-ANALYSIS-Accepted%20manuscript-20180712withsummary%20%281%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286639048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2016-76203-C2-2-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888959657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2016-76203-C2-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3581804677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2016-76203-C2-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5033172425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2015-66314-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5783480460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2015-66314-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6348767563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C2-2-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G875568033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2016\u201076203\u2010C2\u20102\u2010P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322121","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904739673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904739673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528657129","https://openalex.org/W1583862312","https://openalex.org/W1973628995","https://openalex.org/W1985947239","https://openalex.org/W2001585981","https://openalex.org/W2008658581","https://openalex.org/W2008982283","https://openalex.org/W2011461507","https://openalex.org/W2020887141","https://openalex.org/W2025209768","https://openalex.org/W2025329530","https://openalex.org/W2030916206","https://openalex.org/W2047128342","https://openalex.org/W2054448337","https://openalex.org/W2057939108","https://openalex.org/W2060817938","https://openalex.org/W2070047061","https://openalex.org/W2073067026","https://openalex.org/W2083006580","https://openalex.org/W2083126399","https://openalex.org/W2094748811","https://openalex.org/W2096671439","https://openalex.org/W2119634512","https://openalex.org/W2124101323","https://openalex.org/W2132942366","https://openalex.org/W2150970839","https://openalex.org/W2154238979","https://openalex.org/W2156104271","https://openalex.org/W2237860323","https://openalex.org/W2258745159","https://openalex.org/W2331492351","https://openalex.org/W2410338850","https://openalex.org/W2544482769","https://openalex.org/W2582016141","https://openalex.org/W2584176441","https://openalex.org/W2608634440","https://openalex.org/W2901509779","https://openalex.org/W3124322175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123919954","https://openalex.org/W2562664447","https://openalex.org/W2611528262","https://openalex.org/W2952200807","https://openalex.org/W7056973351","https://openalex.org/W4285502311","https://openalex.org/W2758018149","https://openalex.org/W4366850722","https://openalex.org/W2806639548","https://openalex.org/W4402778194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"automobile":[1],"insurance":[2,177],"databases":[3],"contain":[4],"a":[5,39,76,93,108,130],"large":[6,112],"number":[7,162],"of":[8,16,28,59,79,89,101,107,114,145,163],"policyholders":[9],"with":[10],"zero":[11,146],"claims.":[12,147,165],"This":[13],"high":[14],"frequency":[15],"zeros":[17],"may":[18],"reflect":[19],"the":[20,99,105,142,160],"fact":[21],"that":[22,32,118,150],"some":[23],"insureds":[24],"make":[25,38],"little":[26],"use":[27],"their":[29,51],"vehicle,":[30],"or":[31],"they":[33],"do":[34],"not":[35],"wish":[36],"to":[37,46,67,97,141,174,179],"claim":[40],"for":[41,111,132],"small":[42],"accidents":[43],"in":[44,50,92,123,156],"order":[45],"avoid":[47],"an":[48,90],"increase":[49,159],"premium,":[52],"but":[53,126],"it":[54],"might":[55],"also":[56],"be":[57,129,172],"because":[58],"good":[60],"driving.":[61],"We":[62,81,103,148,166],"analyze":[63],"information":[64,170],"on":[65],"exposure":[66],"risk":[68],"and":[69,154,178],"driving":[70,120,155],"habits":[71],"using":[72],"telematics":[73,169],"data":[74],"from":[75],"pay-as-you-drive":[77],"sample":[78],"insureds.":[80],"include":[82],"distance":[83,115],"traveled":[84],"per":[85],"year":[86],"as":[87],"part":[88],"offset":[91],"zero-inflated":[94],"Poisson":[95],"model":[96],"predict":[98],"excess":[100],"zeros.":[102],"show":[104],"existence":[106],"learning":[109],"effect":[110],"values":[113],"traveled,":[116],"so":[117],"longer":[119,136],"should":[121,128],"result":[122],"higher":[124],"premiums,":[125],"there":[127],"discount":[131],"drivers":[133],"who":[134],"accumulate":[135],"distances":[137],"over":[138],"time":[139],"due":[140],"increased":[143],"proportion":[144],"confirm":[149],"speed":[151],"limit":[152],"violations":[153],"urban":[157],"areas":[158],"expected":[161],"accident":[164],"discuss":[167],"how":[168],"can":[171],"used":[173],"design":[175],"better":[176],"improve":[180],"traffic":[181],"safety.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}