{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904549650","doi":null,"title":"How Second Languages are Learned: An Introduction","display_name":"How Second Languages are Learned: An Introduction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904549650","mag":"2904549650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030692923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=030692923&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019148232","display_name":"Roger Hawkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-4760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-4760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["(University of Essex"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-4760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Essex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019148232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94942523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.1898999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/form-meaning-association","display_name":"form-meaning association","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-structure","display_name":"sentence structure","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexis","display_name":"lexis","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology-linguistics","display_name":"morphology (linguistics)","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"syntax","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"semantics","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetics-and-phonology","display_name":"phonetics and phonology","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-use-in-context","display_name":"language use in context","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-knowledge","display_name":"innate knowledge","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input","display_name":"input","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-onset","display_name":"age of onset","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091515064239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516687495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3226977","display_name":"Lexis","level":2,"score":0.6242414116859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.5912125706672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5617766976356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5575957298278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5534416437149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5479287505149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4772786498069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4738383889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4697178900241852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4105633497238159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3886064887046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1685657799243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16843187808990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030692923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=030692923&amp;sequence=000001&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2904549650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27759488M/How_Second_Languages_are_Learned","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7567999958992004}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":243,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41690965","https://openalex.org/W112217986","https://openalex.org/W145195677","https://openalex.org/W158950473","https://openalex.org/W167880415","https://openalex.org/W168676630","https://openalex.org/W174412603","https://openalex.org/W176837180","https://openalex.org/W185024736","https://openalex.org/W188181908","https://openalex.org/W194159072","https://openalex.org/W207698892","https://openalex.org/W270569516","https://openalex.org/W341352738","https://openalex.org/W425217054","https://openalex.org/W595942240","https://openalex.org/W608092205","https://openalex.org/W613222843","https://openalex.org/W629824087","https://openalex.org/W654797587","https://openalex.org/W785535540","https://openalex.org/W1237420015","https://openalex.org/W1269941488","https://openalex.org/W1483076303","https://openalex.org/W1488314443","https://openalex.org/W1491256789","https://openalex.org/W1498375526","https://openalex.org/W1514687800","https://openalex.org/W1521283179","https://openalex.org/W1523026848","https://openalex.org/W1527595877","https://openalex.org/W1534139539","https://openalex.org/W1543589940","https://openalex.org/W1543984587","https://openalex.org/W1551467849","https://openalex.org/W1557696757","https://openalex.org/W1564807083","https://openalex.org/W1565604283","https://openalex.org/W1568368550","https://openalex.org/W1581342146","https://openalex.org/W1584859531","https://openalex.org/W1586060904","https://openalex.org/W1591544912","https://openalex.org/W1594232284","https://openalex.org/W1594545314","https://openalex.org/W1605113624","https://openalex.org/W1606369967","https://openalex.org/W1722621474","https://openalex.org/W1770051762","https://openalex.org/W1964210063","https://openalex.org/W1964303040","https://openalex.org/W1966717147","https://openalex.org/W1967517446","https://openalex.org/W1968085961","https://openalex.org/W1969325200","https://openalex.org/W1970278495","https://openalex.org/W1970481396","https://openalex.org/W1971212459","https://openalex.org/W1974456452","https://openalex.org/W1975979020","https://openalex.org/W1976494912","https://openalex.org/W1977527615","https://openalex.org/W1978023610","https://openalex.org/W1978366370","https://openalex.org/W1980862600","https://openalex.org/W1985404112","https://openalex.org/W1985518192","https://openalex.org/W1987133538","https://openalex.org/W1987324481","https://openalex.org/W1988544286","https://openalex.org/W1993678946","https://openalex.org/W1996672843","https://openalex.org/W1998703787","https://openalex.org/W2004415003","https://openalex.org/W2004502265","https://openalex.org/W2004839025","https://openalex.org/W2005475716","https://openalex.org/W2007413618","https://openalex.org/W2008457707","https://openalex.org/W2014902152","https://openalex.org/W2017121316","https://openalex.org/W2018286747","https://openalex.org/W2021601807","https://openalex.org/W2022433615","https://openalex.org/W2023356010","https://openalex.org/W2023432679","https://openalex.org/W2024001425","https://openalex.org/W2024088004","https://openalex.org/W2024834102","https://openalex.org/W2025612520","https://openalex.org/W2025969092","https://openalex.org/W2033260129","https://openalex.org/W2034658764","https://openalex.org/W2038339147","https://openalex.org/W2039362850","https://openalex.org/W2040939530","https://openalex.org/W2045282267","https://openalex.org/W2046274061","https://openalex.org/W2048368145","https://openalex.org/W2050561986","https://openalex.org/W2051007066","https://openalex.org/W2051347035","https://openalex.org/W2051898157","https://openalex.org/W2052750276","https://openalex.org/W2054877720","https://openalex.org/W2057135969","https://openalex.org/W2059416447","https://openalex.org/W2059700328","https://openalex.org/W2062087005","https://openalex.org/W2064148881","https://openalex.org/W2066928670","https://openalex.org/W2067884299","https://openalex.org/W2070122295","https://openalex.org/W2070169288","https://openalex.org/W2074981876","https://openalex.org/W2078464845","https://openalex.org/W2080194051","https://openalex.org/W2080259590","https://openalex.org/W2081131123","https://openalex.org/W2086502258","https://openalex.org/W2087327436","https://openalex.org/W2092007525","https://openalex.org/W2092286949","https://openalex.org/W2094417334","https://openalex.org/W2099612497","https://openalex.org/W2099789836","https://openalex.org/W2100069851","https://openalex.org/W2100337446","https://openalex.org/W2100721477","https://openalex.org/W2100841153","https://openalex.org/W2100940719","https://openalex.org/W2100975696","https://openalex.org/W2101107856","https://openalex.org/W2101509422","https://openalex.org/W2102080222","https://openalex.org/W2102276596","https://openalex.org/W2102315949","https://openalex.org/W2102904575","https://openalex.org/W2103004650","https://openalex.org/W2104328684","https://openalex.org/W2108010097","https://openalex.org/W2108104291","https://openalex.org/W2109053132","https://openalex.org/W2109603026","https://openalex.org/W2110898358","https://openalex.org/W2111202808","https://openalex.org/W2111353204","https://openalex.org/W2114134049","https://openalex.org/W2114289040","https://openalex.org/W2114558271","https://openalex.org/W2115327786","https://openalex.org/W2115639689","https://openalex.org/W2115867364","https://openalex.org/W2117347578","https://openalex.org/W2119103661","https://openalex.org/W2122401004","https://openalex.org/W2126677177","https://openalex.org/W2127041292","https://openalex.org/W2129313655","https://openalex.org/W2130169991","https://openalex.org/W2130454225","https://openalex.org/W2131210296","https://openalex.org/W2131734290","https://openalex.org/W2132566710","https://openalex.org/W2133100655","https://openalex.org/W2134109028","https://openalex.org/W2136737367","https://openalex.org/W2138191806","https://openalex.org/W2140179302","https://openalex.org/W2141497046","https://openalex.org/W2142397747","https://openalex.org/W2142522321","https://openalex.org/W2142880324","https://openalex.org/W2144440751","https://openalex.org/W2144492389","https://openalex.org/W2144524317","https://openalex.org/W2144868110","https://openalex.org/W2145093990","https://openalex.org/W2145318047","https://openalex.org/W2145885901","https://openalex.org/W2146206280","https://openalex.org/W2147248643","https://openalex.org/W2147546012","https://openalex.org/W2148274560","https://openalex.org/W2150868569","https://openalex.org/W2152615458","https://openalex.org/W2154015661","https://openalex.org/W2155169464","https://openalex.org/W2156900568","https://openalex.org/W2158089379","https://openalex.org/W2159192118","https://openalex.org/W2159806270","https://openalex.org/W2160024630","https://openalex.org/W2161836044","https://openalex.org/W2163539051","https://openalex.org/W2164650950","https://openalex.org/W2164919127","https://openalex.org/W2165547532","https://openalex.org/W2165623313","https://openalex.org/W2165849479","https://openalex.org/W2167166627","https://openalex.org/W2167794130","https://openalex.org/W2168538477","https://openalex.org/W2170921342","https://openalex.org/W2174039653","https://openalex.org/W2178090960","https://openalex.org/W2186780112","https://openalex.org/W2252443204","https://openalex.org/W2268945289","https://openalex.org/W2283846482","https://openalex.org/W2289074721","https://openalex.org/W2312251415","https://openalex.org/W2313604873","https://openalex.org/W2313802972","https://openalex.org/W2315022969","https://openalex.org/W2317517103","https://openalex.org/W2319015218","https://openalex.org/W2321178068","https://openalex.org/W2331836612","https://openalex.org/W2346609294","https://openalex.org/W2476860694","https://openalex.org/W2488200151","https://openalex.org/W2498528106","https://openalex.org/W2506178384","https://openalex.org/W2567226137","https://openalex.org/W2589433288","https://openalex.org/W2596349557","https://openalex.org/W2607317773","https://openalex.org/W2768853547","https://openalex.org/W2891249152","https://openalex.org/W2914755762","https://openalex.org/W2943848534","https://openalex.org/W2950557595","https://openalex.org/W2961535087","https://openalex.org/W2970356856","https://openalex.org/W2979053679","https://openalex.org/W3006088910","https://openalex.org/W3007403432","https://openalex.org/W3008105568","https://openalex.org/W3016069020","https://openalex.org/W3039210294","https://openalex.org/W3120811735","https://openalex.org/W3195344325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235525825","https://openalex.org/W3019050873","https://openalex.org/W4238533734","https://openalex.org/W4247616423","https://openalex.org/W4234652819","https://openalex.org/W4235444105","https://openalex.org/W4238761907","https://openalex.org/W3014535177","https://openalex.org/W4241153175","https://openalex.org/W3016090055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"comprehensive":[1,76],"introduction":[2],"to":[3,22,54,73,93,103,140,150],"how":[4,79],"people":[5],"learn":[6],"second":[7,155],"languages":[8],"(L2s),":[9],"this":[10],"textbook":[11,136],"approaches":[12],"the":[13,18,26,42,45,55,94,101,106,115,125],"topic":[14],"through":[15],"five":[16],"problems":[17,50,116],"L2":[19,46,56],"learner":[20],"has":[21],"solve:":[23],"'breaking":[24],"into'":[25],"L2;":[27],"associating":[28],"forms":[29],"with":[30],"meanings;":[31],"learning":[32,35,41,129],"sentence":[33],"structure;":[34],"phrasal":[36],"and":[37,40,64,111,124,145],"sentential":[38],"meaning;":[39],"use":[43],"of":[44,58,78,87,120],"in":[47,66],"context.":[48],"These":[49],"are":[51,81,131],"linked":[52],"throughout":[53],"acquisition":[57,157],"lexis,":[59],"morphology,":[60],"syntax,":[61],"semantics,":[62],"phonetics/phonology":[63],"language-use":[65],"a":[67,75,84],"reader-friendly":[68],"way,":[69],"using":[70],"key":[71],"studies":[72],"build":[74],"picture":[77],"L2s":[80],"learned.":[82],"'In":[83],"nutshell'":[85],"summaries":[86],"chapter":[88],"sections":[89],"provide":[90],"helpful":[91],"signposts":[92],"developing":[95],"argument,":[96],"whilst":[97],"end-of-chapter":[98],"activities":[99],"encourage":[100],"reader":[102],"reflect":[104],"on":[105,154],"ideas":[107],"presented,":[108],"analyse":[109],"data":[110],"think":[112,141],"creatively":[113],"about":[114,143],"encountered.":[117],"The":[118],"roles":[119],"innate":[121],"knowledge,":[122],"input,":[123],"age":[126],"at":[127],"which":[128],"starts":[130],"also":[132],"considered.":[133],"This":[134],"essential":[135],"will":[137,146],"enable":[138],"students":[139],"objectively":[142],"language,":[144],"be":[147],"an":[148],"asset":[149],"any":[151],"introductory":[152],"course":[153],"language":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}
