{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904539705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","title":"Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art","display_name":"Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904539705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","mag":"2904539705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30558350","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6315825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu10121995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995/pdf?version=1544939756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995/pdf?version=1544939756","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063352552","display_name":"Pantelis \u03a4. Nikolaidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-7122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-7122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256334","display_name":"Hellenic Air Force Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/041awyd76","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802113776","https://openalex.org/I4405256334"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantelis T. Nikolaidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece","Laboratory of Exercise Testing, Hellenic Air Force Academy, 13671 Dekelia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-7122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Exercise Testing, Hellenic Air Force Academy, 13671 Dekelia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065943917","display_name":"Eleftherios Veniamakis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftherios Veniamakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute, 72300 Sitia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute, 72300 Sitia, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089136249","display_name":"Thomas Johannes Rosemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Rosemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-6306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015669294","display_name":"Beat Knechtle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117381","display_name":"Medbase","ror":"https://ror.org/02g4bxh77","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117381"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beat Knechtle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland","Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015669294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210117381"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.9016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6515259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"1995","last_page":"1995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.5508000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.5508000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.3391000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-endurance-sports","display_name":"ultra-endurance sports","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-nutrition","display_name":"sports nutrition","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-balance","display_name":"energy balance","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-energy-balance","display_name":"negative energy balance","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-balance","display_name":"fluid balance","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-associated-hyponatremia","display_name":"exercise-associated hyponatremia","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypohydration","display_name":"hypohydration","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-discomfort","display_name":"gastrointestinal discomfort","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-utilization","display_name":"fat utilization","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-intake","display_name":"carbohydrate intake","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-intake","display_name":"electrolyte consumption","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-loss","display_name":"muscle mass loss","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fat-loss","display_name":"fat loss","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017845882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876776","display_name":"Fluid intake","level":2,"score":0.6725224256515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6543326377868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6478375792503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.54671710729599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99830354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362854","display_name":"Endurance training","level":2,"score":0.5249124765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.39541366696357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3898191750049591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3056778907775879}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010807","descriptor_name":"Physical Endurance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056352","descriptor_name":"Athletes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064133","descriptor_name":"Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu10121995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995/pdf?version=1544939756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5297020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6315825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6315825","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6315825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30558350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30558350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:165661","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/165661/1/Nikolaidis_Nutrition_in_Ultra-Endurance_State_of_the_Art.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/165661/1/Nikolaidis_Nutrition_in_Ultra-Endurance_State_of_the_Art.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nikolaidis, Pantelis T; Veniamakis, Eleftherios; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat (2018). Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art. Nutrients, 10(12):1995.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31f591894b6b4ae4b666c19fd64e595f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31f591894b6b4ae4b666c19fd64e595f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 1995 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/153786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/153786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nikolaidis, P. T., Veniamakis, E., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2018). Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art. Nutrients, 10, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.5167/uzh-165661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-165661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-165661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu10121995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995/pdf?version=1544939756","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904539705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904539705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":136,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23629222","https://openalex.org/W94002046","https://openalex.org/W116283157","https://openalex.org/W172028366","https://openalex.org/W185472532","https://openalex.org/W237897941","https://openalex.org/W1514275432","https://openalex.org/W1551510082","https://openalex.org/W1782293826","https://openalex.org/W1820510203","https://openalex.org/W1855582690","https://openalex.org/W1963690488","https://openalex.org/W1964393080","https://openalex.org/W1964454149","https://openalex.org/W1964949231","https://openalex.org/W1965201062","https://openalex.org/W1965604875","https://openalex.org/W1968549180","https://openalex.org/W1972589697","https://openalex.org/W1972628075","https://openalex.org/W1978486413","https://openalex.org/W1983727937","https://openalex.org/W1984297076","https://openalex.org/W1990279335","https://openalex.org/W1991783097","https://openalex.org/W1995591989","https://openalex.org/W2000786342","https://openalex.org/W2000960085","https://openalex.org/W2004625599","https://openalex.org/W2005642258","https://openalex.org/W2009679679","https://openalex.org/W2009861375","https://openalex.org/W2010946271","https://openalex.org/W2014052139","https://openalex.org/W2015023233","https://openalex.org/W2015175154","https://openalex.org/W2018168653","https://openalex.org/W2021537784","https://openalex.org/W2022627645","https://openalex.org/W2024080057","https://openalex.org/W2026660137","https://openalex.org/W2026871623","https://openalex.org/W2030195131","https://openalex.org/W2032522918","https://openalex.org/W2038603788","https://openalex.org/W2038611988","https://openalex.org/W2041112550","https://openalex.org/W2046311235","https://openalex.org/W2057817448","https://openalex.org/W2059132729","https://openalex.org/W2063923149","https://openalex.org/W2066622383","https://openalex.org/W2066894197","https://openalex.org/W2068613476","https://openalex.org/W2068941649","https://openalex.org/W2071644015","https://openalex.org/W2071827417","https://openalex.org/W2072501501","https://openalex.org/W2074934536","https://openalex.org/W2076082831","https://openalex.org/W2076350883","https://openalex.org/W2076434746","https://openalex.org/W2076490852","https://openalex.org/W2077377025","https://openalex.org/W2082139070","https://openalex.org/W2084844044","https://openalex.org/W2090553552","https://openalex.org/W2093239707","https://openalex.org/W2093367223","https://openalex.org/W2097344373","https://openalex.org/W2099210696","https://openalex.org/W2103957107","https://openalex.org/W2105883377","https://openalex.org/W2108799097","https://openalex.org/W2112205076","https://openalex.org/W2113752634","https://openalex.org/W2119456365","https://openalex.org/W2119599782","https://openalex.org/W2123035358","https://openalex.org/W2125226584","https://openalex.org/W2125484411","https://openalex.org/W2126554999","https://openalex.org/W2127932467","https://openalex.org/W2128108742","https://openalex.org/W2128995590","https://openalex.org/W2135345035","https://openalex.org/W2136337394","https://openalex.org/W2138154057","https://openalex.org/W2144992744","https://openalex.org/W2145232990","https://openalex.org/W2146741010","https://openalex.org/W2148089882","https://openalex.org/W2149491456","https://openalex.org/W2150229759","https://openalex.org/W2154332439","https://openalex.org/W2154537726","https://openalex.org/W2155138695","https://openalex.org/W2156632748","https://openalex.org/W2156977102","https://openalex.org/W2162234234","https://openalex.org/W2168712761","https://openalex.org/W2171842767","https://openalex.org/W2176757762","https://openalex.org/W2179625679","https://openalex.org/W2193499575","https://openalex.org/W2200474874","https://openalex.org/W2312546425","https://openalex.org/W2313002491","https://openalex.org/W2319449493","https://openalex.org/W2327788705","https://openalex.org/W2340551894","https://openalex.org/W2341454328","https://openalex.org/W2409367002","https://openalex.org/W2410763193","https://openalex.org/W2411692396","https://openalex.org/W2443089306","https://openalex.org/W2527865322","https://openalex.org/W2554963385","https://openalex.org/W2566082206","https://openalex.org/W2600020251","https://openalex.org/W2600177218","https://openalex.org/W2611385880","https://openalex.org/W2738478647","https://openalex.org/W2801556252","https://openalex.org/W2884212509","https://openalex.org/W2886111213","https://openalex.org/W2921097806","https://openalex.org/W4238958672","https://openalex.org/W4245507844","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302344200","https://openalex.org/W6677811273","https://openalex.org/W6681580201","https://openalex.org/W6684450421","https://openalex.org/W6708221712","https://openalex.org/W6752411424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W152033729","https://openalex.org/W3136510345","https://openalex.org/W2897309079","https://openalex.org/W2222706277","https://openalex.org/W2109724642","https://openalex.org/W3041754626","https://openalex.org/W2171842767","https://openalex.org/W2139213581","https://openalex.org/W172028366","https://openalex.org/W2045504308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Athletes":[0,144],"competing":[1],"in":[2,36,72,111,142,210],"ultra-endurance":[3,18,112],"sports":[4],"should":[5,171,207,223],"manage":[6],"nutritional":[7,169],"issues,":[8],"especially":[9],"with":[10],"regards":[11],"to":[12,42,62,100,123,127,173,199,216,226],"energy":[13,31,34,50],"and":[14,56,68,89,109,134,154,179,196,222],"fluid":[15,116,205],"balance.":[16],"An":[17],"race,":[19,190],"considered":[20,102,187],"a":[21,48,53,63,104],"duration":[22],"of":[23,65,159,182,203,213,220,231],"at":[24,146],"least":[25],"6":[26],"h,":[27],"might":[28,140],"induce":[29],"the":[30,164,180,189,201,211,218,232],"balance":[32,51],"(i.e.,":[33],"deficit)":[35],"levels":[37],"that":[38,139],"could":[39],"reach":[40,121],"up":[41,122],"~7000":[43],"kcal":[44],"per":[45,229],"day.":[46],"Such":[47],"negative":[49],"is":[52,161],"major":[54,105],"health":[55,108],"performance":[57,110],"concern":[58],"as":[59,75,103,191,193],"it":[60],"leads":[61],"decrease":[64],"both":[66],"fat":[67,175],"skeletal":[69],"muscle":[70],"mass":[71],"events":[73],"such":[74],"24-h":[76],"swimming,":[77],"6-day":[78],"cycling":[79],"or":[80,94],"17-day":[81],"running.":[82],"Sport":[83],"anemia":[84],"caused":[85],"by":[86],"heavy":[87],"exercise":[88,133,135],"gastrointestinal":[90],"discomfort,":[91],"under":[92,136],"hot":[93,137],"cold":[95],"environmental":[96],"conditions":[97],"also":[98],"needs":[99],"be":[101,186,224],"factor":[106],"for":[107,150],"sports.":[113],"In":[114],"addition,":[115],"losses":[117],"from":[118],"sweat":[119],"can":[120],"2":[124],"L/h":[125],"due":[126],"increased":[128,148],"metabolic":[129],"work":[130],"during":[131,177,188],"prolonged":[132],"environments":[138],"result":[141],"hypohydration.":[143],"are":[145],"an":[147],"risk":[149,202,219],"exercise-associated":[151],"hyponatremia":[152],"(EAH)":[153],"limb":[155],"swelling":[156],"when":[157],"intake":[158,206],"fluids":[160],"greater":[162],"than":[163],"volume":[165],"lost.":[166],"Optimal":[167],"pre-race":[168],"strategies":[170],"aim":[172],"increase":[174],"utilization":[176],"exercise,":[178],"consumption":[181],"fat-rich":[183],"foods":[184],"may":[185],"well":[192],"carbohydrates,":[194],"electrolytes,":[195],"fluid.":[197],"Moreover,":[198],"reduce":[200,217],"EAH,":[204],"include":[208],"sodium":[209],"amounts":[212],"10\u207b25":[214],"mmol":[215],"EAH":[221],"limited":[225],"300\u207b600":[227],"mL":[228],"hour":[230],"race.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}