{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903910488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","title":"Turkish foreign policy during the Second World War: an active' neutrality","display_name":"Turkish foreign policy during the Second World War: an active' neutrality","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903910488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","mag":"2903910488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.27-3460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"06","first_page":"27","last_page":"3460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14032","display_name":"History and International Relations","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-foreign-policy","display_name":"Turkish foreign policy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-neutrality","display_name":"active neutrality","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-neutrality","display_name":"Turkish neutrality","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey-soviet-relations","display_name":"Turkey\u2013Soviet relations","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-government","display_name":"Turkish government","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9049677","display_name":"Neutrality","level":2,"score":0.9165565967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.8509111404418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.6020439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47311946749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20498129725456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13729020953178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07756108045578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0689818263053894}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.27-3460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1957376083","https://openalex.org/W187043873","https://openalex.org/W3135772101","https://openalex.org/W2038079696","https://openalex.org/W3004901012","https://openalex.org/W7016299811","https://openalex.org/W4389907804","https://openalex.org/W7159845673","https://openalex.org/W2798678458","https://openalex.org/W2253128987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acknowledgements":[0],"Introduction":[1],"1.":[2],"The":[3,19,33,53,58],"economic":[4],"background":[5],"2.":[6],"Military":[7],"inadequacy":[8],"3.":[9],"Process":[10],"of":[11,22,30,35],"government":[12],"and":[13],"the":[14,28,48],"foreign":[15],"policy":[16],"leadership":[17],"4.":[18],"historical":[20],"conditioning":[21],"a":[23],"generation":[24],"5.":[25],"Turkey":[26],"at":[27],"outbreak":[29],"war":[31],"6.":[32],"year":[34],"surprises:":[36],"1940":[37],"7.":[38],"Hostile":[39],"encirclement:":[40],"1941":[41],"8.":[42],"'Active":[43],"neutrality':":[44],"1942":[45],"9.":[46],"On":[47],"razor's":[49],"edge:":[50],"1943":[51],"10.":[52],"Turkish":[54],"gambit:":[55],"1944":[56],"11.":[57],"Soviet":[59],"demands:":[60],"1945":[61],"Conclusion":[62],"Appendix":[63],"Notes":[64],"Bibliography":[65],"Index.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-23T09:35:12.469056","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}
