{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903880077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","title":"Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Biomass for Energy Applications","display_name":"Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Biomass for Energy Applications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903880077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","mag":"2903880077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781315153735-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002577082","display_name":"Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067024125","display_name":"S. Kent Hoekman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-6012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-6012"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kent Hoekman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028291151","display_name":"Amber Leland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber Leland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026148171","display_name":"Larry G. Felix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92385787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"196","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12706","display_name":"Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-carbonization","display_name":"hydrothermal carbonization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-liquefaction","display_name":"hydrothermal liquefaction","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-gasification","display_name":"hydrothermal gasification","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrochar","display_name":"hydrochar","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-conversion","display_name":"biomass conversion","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-biofuels","display_name":"solid biofuels","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin","display_name":"lignin","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-balance","display_name":"energy balance","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779611803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907984","display_name":"Hydrothermal carbonization","level":4,"score":0.9037735462188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.6842355728149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6508496403694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.5807993412017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4384778141975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4056432545185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3633487820625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.326707661151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.321328341960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19889861345291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12356209754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10858523845672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08136656880378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1201/9781315153735-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463075","display_name":"CRC Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320584","host_organization_name":"CRC Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320584","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["CRC Press","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5171999931335449,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969125088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618491795","https://openalex.org/W363908675","https://openalex.org/W2034704870","https://openalex.org/W2327467652","https://openalex.org/W2789461511","https://openalex.org/W2442164027","https://openalex.org/W3041537517","https://openalex.org/W2029942596","https://openalex.org/W2991653725","https://openalex.org/W2786956696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,61],"thermochemical":[1],"process":[2,126],"called":[3],"hydrothermal":[4,29,44],"carbonization":[5],"(HTC)":[6],"has":[7,94],"been":[8],"increasingly":[9],"investigated":[10],"and":[11,28,73,78,88,153],"employed":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,21,95],"means":[15],"of":[16,38,43,57,64,81,114,123,136,145],"converting":[17],"raw":[18],"biomass":[19,146],"into":[20],"higher-value":[22],"solid":[23,110,137],"fuel.":[24],"Hydrothermal":[25],"liquefaction":[26],"(HTL)":[27],"gasification":[30],"(HTG)":[31],"can":[32],"be":[33],"considered":[34],"more":[35],"severe":[36],"forms":[37,42],"HTC.":[39],"All":[40],"three":[41],"treatment":[45,150],"are":[46],"conducted":[47],"in":[48,131],"hot,":[49],"pressurized,":[50],"liquid":[51],"water,":[52],"but":[53],"with":[54],"the":[55,75,112,124,133,141],"objective":[56],"providing":[58],"different":[59],"products.":[60],"significant":[62],"advantage":[63],"HTC":[65,105,125,149],"is":[66,117,127,151],"its":[67,85],"ability":[68],"to":[69,84,106,155],"utilize":[70],"wet":[71],"feedstocks":[72],"avoid":[74],"complexity,":[76],"cost,":[77],"energy":[79,97,121],"requirements":[80],"pre-drying.":[82],"Due":[83],"aromatic":[86],"structure\u2014":[87],"hence,":[89],"higher":[90,96],"C/O":[91],"ratio,":[92],"lignin":[93],"content":[98],"than":[99],"cellulose":[100],"or":[101],"hemicellulose.":[102],"In":[103],"utilizing":[104],"create":[107],"an":[108,128],"energy-dense":[109],"fuel,":[111],"product":[113],"greatest":[115],"interest":[116],"hydrochar.":[118],"The":[119,143],"overall":[120],"balance":[122],"important":[129],"consideration":[130],"evaluating":[132],"commercial":[134],"viability":[135],"biofuels":[138],"produced":[139],"by":[140,148],"process.":[142],"kinetics":[144],"degradation":[147],"complex":[152],"difficult":[154],"ascertain.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}
