{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903670548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","title":"A multilevel cybersecurity and safety monitor for embedded cyber-physical systems","display_name":"A multilevel cybersecurity and safety monitor for embedded cyber-physical systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903670548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","mag":"2903670548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3302509.3313321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086865","display_name":"ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.03377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037865887","display_name":"Smitha Gautham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-9832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-9832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smitha Gautham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080758702","display_name":"Georgios Bakirtzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-0193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-0193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Bakirtzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034076697","display_name":"Matthew T. Leccadito","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew T. Leccadito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103729911","display_name":"Robert H. Klenke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Klenke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013018807","display_name":"Carl Elks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-2698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-2698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl R. Elks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6438,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61902516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"320","last_page":"321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5307999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5307999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.08860000222921371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-systems","display_name":"cyber-physical systems","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-systems","display_name":"embedded systems","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-monitoring","display_name":"cybersecurity monitoring","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"safety monitoring","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-control-systems","display_name":"flight control systems","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-chip","display_name":"system-on-chip","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"attack surface","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-calculus","display_name":"event calculus","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-framework","display_name":"formal framework","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77019957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689057","display_name":"Dependability","level":2,"score":0.8722543716430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8521367311477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7481110095977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6263556480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6102799773216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5471947193145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5040897130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4719761312007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38599786162376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.21136566996574402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17405655980110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3302509.3313321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3302509.3313321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086865","display_name":"ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.03377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.03377","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.03377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2903670548","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1812.03377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.03377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.03377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.03377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.03377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.03377","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.03377","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903670548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903670548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20328701","https://openalex.org/W1489721681","https://openalex.org/W1529728259","https://openalex.org/W1577352907","https://openalex.org/W1599709871","https://openalex.org/W1740522204","https://openalex.org/W1822710854","https://openalex.org/W1852523103","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2044286462","https://openalex.org/W2086359741","https://openalex.org/W2139188286","https://openalex.org/W2146724779","https://openalex.org/W2238768211","https://openalex.org/W2323135565","https://openalex.org/W2339025714","https://openalex.org/W2579357702","https://openalex.org/W2714546933","https://openalex.org/W2734814518","https://openalex.org/W2746489262","https://openalex.org/W2766238858","https://openalex.org/W3157454290","https://openalex.org/W6922046549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038546947","https://openalex.org/W3087651627","https://openalex.org/W6945982668","https://openalex.org/W3135825367","https://openalex.org/W2774006454","https://openalex.org/W3167463919","https://openalex.org/W1990393801","https://openalex.org/W2800360428","https://openalex.org/W2098137909","https://openalex.org/W7033702105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"systems":[1],"(CPS)":[2],"are":[3],"composed":[4],"of":[5,28,34],"various":[6],"embedded":[7],"subsystems":[8],"(often":[9],"realized":[10],"on":[11,13],"system":[12,68,89],"chip":[14],"technology)":[15],"and":[16,21,87],"require":[17,47],"specialized":[18],"software,":[19],"firmware":[20],"hardware":[22],"to":[23,43,51,64,80],"coordinate":[24],"with":[25],"the":[26,29,75,82,85,88],"rest":[27],"system.":[30],"These":[31],"multiple":[32],"levels":[33],"integration":[35],"expose":[36],"attack":[37,44],"surfaces":[38],"which":[39],"can":[40],"be":[41],"susceptible":[42],"vectors":[45],"that":[46],"novel":[48],"architectural":[49],"methods":[50],"effectively":[52],"secure":[53],"against.":[54],"We":[55,70],"present":[56],"a":[57,65],"multilevel":[58],"monitor":[59],"architecture":[60,76],"cybersecurity":[61],"approach":[62],"applied":[63],"flight":[66],"control":[67],"(FCS).":[69],"develop":[71],"formal":[72],"framework":[73],"for":[74],"using":[77],"Event":[78],"Calculus":[79],"define":[81],"interactions":[83],"among":[84],"monitors":[86],"under":[90],"observation.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}
