{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903390901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","title":"Two-Level Hierarchical Control for Wastewater Treatment Utilizing Neural-Network Predictors and Nonlinear optimization","display_name":"Two-Level Hierarchical Control for Wastewater Treatment Utilizing Neural-Network Predictors and Nonlinear optimization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903390901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","mag":"2903390901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608272","display_name":"European Control Conference (ECC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075734934","display_name":"Mahsa Sadeghassadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahsa Sadeghassadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071627492","display_name":"Chris J. B. Macnab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-0696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-0696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris. J. B. Macnab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053782293","display_name":"David T. Westwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-6800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-6800"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Westwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Country","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26466809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2435","last_page":"2440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.16910000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment-plant-control","display_name":"wastewater treatment plant control","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-point-optimization","display_name":"setpoint optimization","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nnarx-model","display_name":"NNARX model","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"nonlinear programming","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effluent-quality","display_name":"effluent quality","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-costs","display_name":"energy costs","score":0.8450000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12302492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752097","display_name":"Setpoint","level":2,"score":0.9947100877761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.608230710029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.605391263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.5451450347900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4802123010158539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4789327085018158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4577433466911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3693355321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34682124853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3148576617240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20315060019493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18928346037864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13989439606666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608272","display_name":"European Control Conference (ECC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47427483","https://openalex.org/W1576695523","https://openalex.org/W1855906483","https://openalex.org/W1981078946","https://openalex.org/W2005785680","https://openalex.org/W2008519367","https://openalex.org/W2012370565","https://openalex.org/W2021563978","https://openalex.org/W2079505873","https://openalex.org/W2276313320","https://openalex.org/W2322663325","https://openalex.org/W2751548232","https://openalex.org/W2785877824","https://openalex.org/W2786300917","https://openalex.org/W3136455224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379988150","https://openalex.org/W2955344515","https://openalex.org/W2739351539","https://openalex.org/W4224324761","https://openalex.org/W2064727257","https://openalex.org/W3111315037","https://openalex.org/W4362470469","https://openalex.org/W2392480823","https://openalex.org/W3033710666","https://openalex.org/W4388943160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,53,67,78,83,90,104],"problem":[4],"of":[5,55,98],"identifying":[6],"optimal":[7,35,49],"setpoints":[8],"for":[9,38,45,108],"a":[10,42,56,99],"biological":[11],"wastewater":[12,100],"treatment":[13,101],"plant":[14,102],"that":[15,32],"can":[16,115],"react":[17],"to":[18,23],"changing":[19],"influent":[20,106],"flow":[21],"due":[22],"weather":[24,46,110],"conditions.":[25,111],"We":[26],"propose":[27],"and":[28,41],"compare":[29],"three":[30,109],"methods":[31,75,114],"identify":[33],"an":[34],"fixed":[36,50],"setpoint":[37,51],"dry":[39],"weather,":[40],"moving":[43,69],"direction":[44,70],"changes.":[47],"The":[48,74,112],"is":[52],"solution":[54],"nonlinear":[57],"optimization":[58],"problem.":[59],"Neural":[60],"Network":[61],"Autoregressive":[62],"eXogenous":[63],"(NNARX)":[64],"models":[65],"predict":[66],"correct":[68],"in":[71],"real":[72],"time.":[73],"involve":[76],"choosing":[77],"dissolved":[79],"oxygen":[80],"setpoint,":[81,85],"or":[82,86,119,122],"nitrate/nitrite":[84],"both.":[87,123],"Simulations":[88],"use":[89],"Benchmark":[91],"Simulation":[92],"Model":[93],"Number":[94],"One":[95],"(BSMI)":[96],"model":[97],"with":[103],"supplied":[105],"data":[107],"proposed":[113],"improve":[116],"effluent":[117],"quality":[118],"energy":[120],"cost":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
