{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903260284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","title":"Cryptocurrencies and Digital Fiat Currencies","display_name":"Cryptocurrencies and Digital Fiat Currencies","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903260284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","mag":"2903260284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8462.12307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149486094","display_name":"Australian Economic Review","issn_l":"0004-9018","issn":["0004-9018","1467-8462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041532887","display_name":"Robert J. Kirkby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-0513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-0513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kirkby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012 New Zealand; email <"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012 New Zealand; email <","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041532887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95902477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"527","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.40380001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.40380001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.22769999504089355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.1981000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"cryptocurrency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitcoin","display_name":"Bitcoin","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/store-of-value","display_name":"store of value","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cashless-society","display_name":"cashless society","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argentine-peso","display_name":"Argentine peso","score":0.9020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240532","display_name":"Fiat money","level":3,"score":0.9828255772590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9185380935668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.848321795463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.7546998262405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.6713739633560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.6037324666976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.509306788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47095543146133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.4645727872848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122941539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Electronic money","level":3,"score":0.4336462616920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3782421946525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.18153327703475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15222609043121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13694211840629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.10046562552452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06702238321304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-8462.12307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149486094","display_name":"Australian Economic Review","issn_l":"0004-9018","issn":["0004-9018","1467-8462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Australian Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041854950","https://openalex.org/W2146930282","https://openalex.org/W2563986995","https://openalex.org/W2617428178","https://openalex.org/W2785641999","https://openalex.org/W2793276431","https://openalex.org/W2922316892","https://openalex.org/W2953982316","https://openalex.org/W3121805137","https://openalex.org/W3121904413","https://openalex.org/W3123292887","https://openalex.org/W3123947055","https://openalex.org/W4388943617","https://openalex.org/W7055688093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221672024","https://openalex.org/W4234631279","https://openalex.org/W7009094380","https://openalex.org/W7110513441","https://openalex.org/W4281688034","https://openalex.org/W4322733689","https://openalex.org/W3159735417","https://openalex.org/W6968919500","https://openalex.org/W2347143350","https://openalex.org/W4313652021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Current":[1],"generations":[2],"of":[3,20,49],"cryptocurrencies":[4],"are":[5],"not":[6],"money,":[7],"but":[8,75],"future":[9],"ones":[10],"may":[11],"be.":[12],"While":[13],"Bitcoin":[14],"performs":[15],"poorly":[16],"as":[17,84],"a":[18,71,81],"store":[19],"value,":[21],"it":[22,85],"is":[23],"actually":[24],"on":[25],"par":[26],"with":[27],"the":[28,32,36,40,87,92],"Venezuelan":[29],"bol\u00edvar":[30],"over":[31,39],"last":[33],"decade,":[34],"and":[35],"Argentinian":[37],"peso":[38],"decade":[41],"from":[42],"1986.":[43],"I":[44],"evaluate":[45],"arguments":[46],"in":[47],"favour":[48],"central":[50,88],"banks":[51],"issuing":[52],"digital":[53,59,76],"fiat":[54,60,68,77],"currency\u2014intended":[55],"to":[56,62],"replace":[57,63],"cash\u2014and":[58],"money\u2014intended":[61],"money":[64,78,94],"more":[65],"broadly.":[66],"Digital":[67],"currency":[69],"appears":[70],"natural":[72],"step":[73],"forward,":[74],"would":[79],"be":[80],"bad":[82],"idea":[83],"makes":[86],"bank":[89],"responsible":[90],"for":[91],"entire":[93],"supply.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}
