{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903094739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","title":"Pharmaceuticals and modern statecraft in South Africa: the cases of opium, thalidomide and contraception.","display_name":"Pharmaceuticals and modern statecraft in South Africa: the cases of opium, thalidomide and contraception.","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903094739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","mag":"2903094739","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30482817","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6288691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","pdf_url":"https://mh.bmj.com/content/medhum/44/4/253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159563226","display_name":"Medical Humanities","issn_l":"1468-215X","issn":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://mh.bmj.com/content/medhum/44/4/253.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058655663","display_name":"Julie Parle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-9567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-9567"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie Parle","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","History, School of Social Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"History, School of Social Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089539791","display_name":"Rebecca Hodes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-803X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-803X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Hodes","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, Institute for the Humanities in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIDS and Society Research Unit, Centre for Social Science Research, Institute for the Humanities in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070386792","display_name":"Thembisa Waetjen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-0949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-0949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thembisa Waetjen","raw_affiliation_strings":["History, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"History, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058655663"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.2994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99202491,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"253","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.1679999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.1429000049829483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-governance","display_name":"pharmaceutical governance","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opium","display_name":"opium","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thalidomide","display_name":"thalidomide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraception","display_name":"contraception","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernity","display_name":"modernity","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-regulation","display_name":"drug regulation","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-drug-use","display_name":"illicit drug use","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-apartheid-south-africa","display_name":"post-apartheid South Africa","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy","display_name":"drug policy","score":0.3009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.5267459750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5155620574951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5148822069168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37968372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544886","display_name":"Rationalisation","level":2,"score":0.4793042242527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203174","display_name":"Thalidomide","level":3,"score":0.4718477725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.45332565903663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955","display_name":"Late 19th century","level":3,"score":0.4469909071922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781334022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355523","display_name":"Professionalization","level":2,"score":0.4226617217063904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38980603218078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35325735807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2581120729446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22592291235923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0957401692867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.09484484791755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776364478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467635","display_name":"Multiple myeloma","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072698","descriptor_name":"Apartheid","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003267","descriptor_name":"Contraception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003270","descriptor_name":"Contraceptive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004335","descriptor_name":"Drug and Narcotic Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006076","descriptor_name":"Government","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009294","descriptor_name":"Narcotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009892","descriptor_name":"Opium","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012926","descriptor_name":"Social Control, Formal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013792","descriptor_name":"Thalidomide","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018595","descriptor_name":"Colonialism","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","pdf_url":"https://mh.bmj.com/content/medhum/44/4/253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159563226","display_name":"Medical Humanities","issn_l":"1468-215X","issn":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5276286","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6288691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30482817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30482817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical humanities","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6288691","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6288691/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Humanit","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:medhum:44/4/253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://mh.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/44/4/253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011478","pdf_url":"https://mh.bmj.com/content/medhum/44/4/253.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159563226","display_name":"Medical Humanities","issn_l":"1468-215X","issn":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903094739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903094739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23753865","https://openalex.org/W133429682","https://openalex.org/W216342353","https://openalex.org/W315581784","https://openalex.org/W560837845","https://openalex.org/W562018397","https://openalex.org/W590357339","https://openalex.org/W596735577","https://openalex.org/W642676005","https://openalex.org/W1415928963","https://openalex.org/W1513361368","https://openalex.org/W1549577092","https://openalex.org/W1593684087","https://openalex.org/W1606981312","https://openalex.org/W1973303785","https://openalex.org/W1995158016","https://openalex.org/W2007693486","https://openalex.org/W2034789941","https://openalex.org/W2039382008","https://openalex.org/W2056540779","https://openalex.org/W2059196730","https://openalex.org/W2065525908","https://openalex.org/W2065929822","https://openalex.org/W2071880520","https://openalex.org/W2076776977","https://openalex.org/W2096103248","https://openalex.org/W2103846516","https://openalex.org/W2112809737","https://openalex.org/W2125093261","https://openalex.org/W2127971635","https://openalex.org/W2135192888","https://openalex.org/W2137715251","https://openalex.org/W2216216461","https://openalex.org/W2230018202","https://openalex.org/W2259558807","https://openalex.org/W2267596240","https://openalex.org/W2281047475","https://openalex.org/W2289887470","https://openalex.org/W2313593121","https://openalex.org/W2414139485","https://openalex.org/W2417726582","https://openalex.org/W2549081686","https://openalex.org/W2599749049","https://openalex.org/W2616889417","https://openalex.org/W2756607285","https://openalex.org/W2773721694","https://openalex.org/W2789921141","https://openalex.org/W2796488305","https://openalex.org/W2884937795","https://openalex.org/W2991415732","https://openalex.org/W3005274164","https://openalex.org/W3111011081","https://openalex.org/W3142746160","https://openalex.org/W3181394334","https://openalex.org/W3209705943","https://openalex.org/W4230339529","https://openalex.org/W4243552810","https://openalex.org/W4256024499","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996186418","https://openalex.org/W2991415732","https://openalex.org/W2995883065","https://openalex.org/W2773721694","https://openalex.org/W7110314230","https://openalex.org/W4392323532","https://openalex.org/W2947241788","https://openalex.org/W7003939262","https://openalex.org/W6903959435","https://openalex.org/W300871655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3],"history":[4],"of":[5,11,26,37,43,68,84,90,109,114,122,129,145,160,166],"three":[6,44],"pharmaceuticals":[7],"in":[8,133,176],"the":[9,32,66,78,82,91,143,158,164,180,185],"making":[10],"modern":[12,173],"South":[13,139,177],"Africa.":[14],"Borrowing":[15],"and":[16,34,59,72,94,106,116,131,163],"adapting":[17],"Arthur":[18],"Daemmrich's":[19],"term":[20],"'pharmacopolitics',":[21],"we":[22,64,169],"examine":[23],"how":[24,142],"forms":[25],"pharmaceutical":[27,69,85,134,174],"governance":[28],"became":[29],"integral":[30],"to":[31,49,56,62,151,171,184],"creation":[33],"institutional":[35],"practices":[36,175],"this":[38],"state.":[39],"Through":[40,157],"case":[41],"studies":[42],"medicaments:":[45],"opium":[46],"(late":[47,54],"19th":[48],"early":[50,57],"20th":[51],"century),":[52],"thalidomide":[53],"1950s":[55],"1960s)":[58],"contraception":[60],"(1970s":[61],"2010s),":[63],"explore":[65,104],"intertwining":[67],"regulation,":[70],"provision":[71],"consumption.":[73],"Our":[74],"focus":[75,137],"is":[76],"on":[77,138],"modernist":[79],"imperative":[80],"towards":[81],"rationalisation":[83],"oversight,":[86],"as":[87,99,154],"an":[88,127],"extension":[89],"state's":[92],"bureaucratic":[93],"ideological":[95],"objectives,":[96],"and,":[97],"importantly,":[98],"its":[100],"obligation.":[101],"We":[102],"also":[103],"adaptive":[105],"illicit":[107],"uses":[108],"medicines,":[110],"both":[111],"by":[112],"purveyors":[113],"pharmaceuticals,":[115],"among":[117],"consumers.":[118],"The":[119,136],"historical":[120],"sweep":[121],"our":[123,161],"study":[124],"allows":[125],"for":[126],"analysis":[128],"continuities":[130],"changes":[132],"governance.":[135],"Africa":[140],"highlights":[141],"concept":[144],"pharmacopolitics":[146],"can":[147],"usefully":[148],"be":[149],"extended":[150],"transnational-as":[152],"well":[153],"local-medical":[155],"histories.":[156],"diversity":[159],"sources,":[162],"breadth":[165],"their":[167],"chronology,":[168],"aim":[170],"historicise":[172],"Africa,":[178],"from":[179],"late":[181],"colonial":[182],"era":[183],"Post-Apartheid":[186],"present.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}