{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902993587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","title":"An empirical test of household identification risk in geomasked maps","display_name":"An empirical test of household identification risk in geomasked maps","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902993587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","mag":"2902993587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189706386","display_name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","issn_l":"1523-0406","issn":["1523-0406","1545-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083130033","display_name":"Dara E. Seidl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-7115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-7115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dara E. Seidl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA","Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-7115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003680594","display_name":"Piotr L. Jankowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-6217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-6217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Jankowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA","Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-6217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025756617","display_name":"Atsushi Nara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-7773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-7773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Nara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-7773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, San Diego State University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083130033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I26538001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64516518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"6","first_page":"475","last_page":"488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"privacy preservation","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-users","display_name":"map users","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-confidence","display_name":"user confidence","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7096186876296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.6444095373153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5649253726005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5055203437805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4795955717563629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4572479724884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43984276056289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4340737760066986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988186277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5915793","display_name":"Location data","level":2,"score":0.42615601420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4181046783924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4151787757873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.37717700004577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2997417449951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27733802795410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19319361448287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1909409463405609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.11751255393028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1544932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189706386","display_name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","issn_l":"1523-0406","issn":["1523-0406","1545-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1176006486","https://openalex.org/W1409075574","https://openalex.org/W1485552377","https://openalex.org/W1571058729","https://openalex.org/W1762917246","https://openalex.org/W1866902068","https://openalex.org/W1964874819","https://openalex.org/W1972369961","https://openalex.org/W1997900290","https://openalex.org/W2003993683","https://openalex.org/W2013394780","https://openalex.org/W2014538668","https://openalex.org/W2016157370","https://openalex.org/W2017042400","https://openalex.org/W2025695007","https://openalex.org/W2039856017","https://openalex.org/W2041282815","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2068623457","https://openalex.org/W2071148635","https://openalex.org/W2079353783","https://openalex.org/W2083806268","https://openalex.org/W2112469755","https://openalex.org/W2127523571","https://openalex.org/W2133039566","https://openalex.org/W2150447982","https://openalex.org/W2155291540","https://openalex.org/W2157863837","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2170155919","https://openalex.org/W2172115231","https://openalex.org/W2174432420","https://openalex.org/W2410680265","https://openalex.org/W2591556909","https://openalex.org/W2604315142","https://openalex.org/W2763305086","https://openalex.org/W3000940255","https://openalex.org/W4241144816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6963984634","https://openalex.org/W2763305086","https://openalex.org/W3081073302","https://openalex.org/W3040564926","https://openalex.org/W4388048269","https://openalex.org/W2170155919","https://openalex.org/W2888986033","https://openalex.org/W2071148635","https://openalex.org/W1980378234","https://openalex.org/W2994870774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geomasking":[0],"techniques":[1],"displace":[2],"point":[3],"data":[4,24,29,49,110],"to":[5,10,76,122],"new":[6,44],"locations":[7,45],"in":[8,89,118,140],"order":[9],"protect":[11],"privacy":[12],"while":[13],"maintaining":[14],"overall":[15],"spatial":[16,71],"distributions.":[17],"If":[18],"the":[19,28,43,47,70,74,133],"end":[20],"users":[21,114,127],"of":[22,53,63,73],"geomasked":[23],"are":[25,30,100,111,135],"unaware":[26],"that":[27,36,87,109,132],"masked,":[31,112],"there":[32],"is":[33,94],"a":[34,81,91],"risk":[35],"they":[37],"will":[38],"incorrectly":[39],"associate":[40],"individuals":[41],"at":[42],"with":[46,143],"masked":[48,67,98,120,136],"attributes.":[50],"The":[51],"probability":[52],"correct":[54],"and":[55,69],"false":[56],"household":[57,92],"identification":[58,93,148],"depends":[59],"on":[60],"human":[61],"understanding":[62],"whether":[64],"maps":[65],"contain":[66],"coordinates":[68],"relationships":[72],"points":[75,99,121,134],"contextual":[77],"geographic":[78],"data.":[79],"Using":[80],"map-based":[82],"experiment,":[83],"this":[84],"study":[85],"finds":[86],"confidence":[88,117,139],"performing":[90],"substantially":[95],"lowered":[96],"when":[97],"situated":[101],"equidistantly":[102],"between":[103],"residential":[104],"parcels.":[105],"Despite":[106],"initial":[107],"notifications":[108,131],"map":[113,126],"often":[115],"report":[116],"assigning":[119],"specific":[123],"households.":[124],"Only":[125],"who":[128],"receive":[129],"frequent":[130],"have":[137],"reduced":[138],"associating":[141],"them":[142],"particular":[144],"households,":[145],"thereby":[146],"lowering":[147],"risk.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}