{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902836808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","title":"The Learning Styles Educational Neuromyth: Lack of Agreement Between Teachers' Judgments, Self-Assessment, and Students' Intelligence","display_name":"The Learning Styles Educational Neuromyth: Lack of Agreement Between Teachers' Judgments, Self-Assessment, and Students' Intelligence","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902836808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","mag":"2902836808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010684947","display_name":"\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-4003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-4003","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-0195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marietta Papadatou-Pastou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000649927","display_name":"Maria Gritzali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Gritzali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019015951","display_name":"Alexia Barrable","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-8330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-8330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexia Barrable","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010684947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":428,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":461},"fwci":8.2705,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97271993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-styles","display_name":"learning styles","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-judgment","display_name":"teacher judgment","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-assessment","display_name":"self-assessment","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence","display_name":"intelligence","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromyths","display_name":"neuromyths","score":0.6729999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.676647424697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6554398536682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.5854421257972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.5105687379837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.49088627099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.42618632316589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.37045156955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:openaire/3eed6a29-dea5-4401-9063-f963a06fcd14","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/3eed6a29-dea5-4401-9063-f963a06fcd14","pdf_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/29353223/feduc_03_00105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400523","display_name":"Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","host_organization_name":"University of Dundee","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Papadatou-Pastou, M, Gritzal, M & Barrable, A 2018, 'The Learning Styles educational neuromyth : Lack of agreement between teachers\u2019 judgments, self-assessment, and students\u2019 intelligence', Frontiers in Education, vol. 3, 105, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e70eb01329444c279ba45f7c004a3d6d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e70eb01329444c279ba45f7c004a3d6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education, Vol 3 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eresearch.qmu.ac.uk:20.500.12289/13443","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/13443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402028","display_name":"Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181656237","host_organization_name":"Queen Margaret University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181656237"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/99761","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/99761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2018.00105/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902836808.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902836808.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54677752","https://openalex.org/W1517069435","https://openalex.org/W1729856091","https://openalex.org/W1965899414","https://openalex.org/W1967429616","https://openalex.org/W1970624081","https://openalex.org/W1988169455","https://openalex.org/W1991041195","https://openalex.org/W2006001320","https://openalex.org/W2011548265","https://openalex.org/W2040972660","https://openalex.org/W2078223654","https://openalex.org/W2093858503","https://openalex.org/W2098325707","https://openalex.org/W2112955368","https://openalex.org/W2120575518","https://openalex.org/W2124696280","https://openalex.org/W2141337864","https://openalex.org/W2141408817","https://openalex.org/W2143463658","https://openalex.org/W2154195903","https://openalex.org/W2159976332","https://openalex.org/W2160012997","https://openalex.org/W2162885276","https://openalex.org/W2167749256","https://openalex.org/W2167813085","https://openalex.org/W2531655583","https://openalex.org/W2618251867","https://openalex.org/W2789440911","https://openalex.org/W6636604190","https://openalex.org/W6681194112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132719442","https://openalex.org/W7037703927","https://openalex.org/W2055800179","https://openalex.org/W3111930710","https://openalex.org/W3162103509","https://openalex.org/W2596398174","https://openalex.org/W185152350","https://openalex.org/W3040579356","https://openalex.org/W2408914664","https://openalex.org/W56259220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"styles":[1],"(LS)":[2],"have":[3,14,29],"dominated":[4],"educational":[5],"practice":[6],"since":[7],"their":[8,47,118,122,128,153,167],"popularization":[9],"in":[10,96,103,186],"the":[11,40,45,51,62,85,93,150,174,182],"1970s.":[12],"Studies":[13],"shown":[15],"that":[16,64,146,178],"they":[17],"are":[18],"accepted":[19],"by":[20,84],"more":[21],"than":[22],"90%":[23],"of":[24,44,53,69,80,152,166,176,181,184],"teachers":[25,123,147],"worldwide.":[26],"However,":[27],"LS":[28,71,81,101,151,185],"also":[30],"received":[31],"extensive":[32],"criticism":[33],"from":[34],"researchers":[35],"and":[36,50,66,108,142],"academics,":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,116,126,162,173],"poor":[41],"theoretical":[42],"justification":[43],"theory,":[46],"problematic":[48],"measurement,":[49],"lack":[52],"systematic":[54,98],"studies":[55],"supporting":[56],"them.":[57],"The":[58],"present":[59],"study":[60,171],"tested":[61,76],"hypothesis":[63],"teachers\u2019":[65,78,143,164],"students\u2019":[67,86,157],"assessment":[68,130,165],"preferred":[70,119],"should":[72],"correspond.":[73],"Moreover,":[74,156],"it":[75],"whether":[77],"judgment":[79],"is":[82,179],"driven":[83],"IQ.":[87],"Both":[88],"questions":[89],"were":[90,114,124],"studied":[91],"for":[92],"first":[94],"time":[95],"a":[97],"fashion":[99],"within":[100],"research":[102],"primary":[104],"school":[105],"pupils.":[106],"Fifth-":[107],"sixth-grade":[109],"pupils":[110],"(n":[111],"=":[112],"199)":[113],"asked":[115,125],"self-assess":[117],"LS,":[120],"while":[121],"provide":[127],"own":[129],"on":[131],"individual":[132],"pupils\u2019":[133,140],"LS.":[134],"No":[135],"relationship":[136],"was":[137,159],"found":[138,161],"between":[139],"self-assessment":[141],"assessment,":[144],"suggesting":[145],"cannot":[148],"assess":[149],"students":[154],"accurately.":[155],"intelligence":[158],"not":[160],"drive":[163],"learning":[168],"styles.":[169],"This":[170],"adds":[172],"body":[175],"evidence":[177],"skeptical":[180],"adoption":[183],"mainstream":[187],"education.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}