{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902829285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","title":"Strong impact of wildfires on the abundance and aging of black carbon in the lowermost stratosphere","display_name":"Strong impact of wildfires on the abundance and aging of black carbon in the lowermost stratosphere","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902829285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","mag":"2902829285","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30478047","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6294891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1806868115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077658508","display_name":"Jeannine Ditas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeannine Ditas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002824499","display_name":"Nan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-3337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-3337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319922","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-6532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-6532","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-6129","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0435","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3304-5706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014203313","display_name":"Denise Assmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117062","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5xsc56","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210117062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise Assmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051574853","display_name":"Marco Neumaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-3377","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-3377"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Neumaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) - Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) - Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054272875","display_name":"Hella Riede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-2757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-2757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hella Riede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037276573","display_name":"Einar Karu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-0132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1610-0132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Einar Karu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026129001","display_name":"Jonathan Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111634468","display_name":"Dieter H. Scharffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Scharffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027778267","display_name":"Qiaoqiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-1765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-1765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoqiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047584450","display_name":"Jorge Saturno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-3957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-3957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Saturno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056144126","display_name":"Joshua Peter Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-2223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-2223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua P. Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002126242","display_name":"Joseph M. Katich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-6576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-6576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph M. Katich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305;","Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077017401","display_name":"G. R. McMeeking","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-3713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-3713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133309","display_name":"Handix Scientific (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xdeet92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin R. McMeeking","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handix Scientific LLC, Boulder, CO 80301;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handix Scientific LLC, Boulder, CO 80301;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050186411","display_name":"Andreas Zahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-3451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3153-3451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Zahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) - Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) - Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing (ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006282346","display_name":"M. Hermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-1571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-1571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117062","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5xsc56","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210117062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Hermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057386963","display_name":"Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-7295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-7295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074646090","display_name":"Meinrat Otto Andreae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-7925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-7925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150209017","display_name":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/04v7hvq31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE","SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meinrat O. Andreae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-7925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150209017","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057359066","display_name":"Ulrich P\u00f6schl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-3557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-3557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich P\u00f6schl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035606234","display_name":"Hang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085384616","display_name":"Yafang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-9879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-9879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113422","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/02f5b7n18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yafang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035606234","https://openalex.org/A5085384616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210113422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98154861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"50","first_page":"E11595","last_page":"E11603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.08079999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-carbon","display_name":"black carbon","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-fires","display_name":"forest fires","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-burning-plumes","display_name":"biomass burning plumes","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lowermost-stratosphere","display_name":"lowermost stratosphere","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-aging","display_name":"particle aging","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating-thickness","display_name":"coating thickness","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-growth","display_name":"particle growth","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-forcing","display_name":"radiative forcing","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-observations","display_name":"aircraft observations","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-heating","display_name":"stratospheric heating","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775840915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817528","display_name":"Plume","level":2,"score":0.7009515762329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.7006770372390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99578197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1463606","display_name":"Radiative forcing","level":3,"score":0.6773712635040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44038986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245","display_name":"Carbon black","level":3,"score":0.658187747001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6230291128158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5017812252044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4982264041900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4321586489677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4218429923057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.3264896869659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3161517381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20210495591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1575515866279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09975135326385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09102809429168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1806868115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5272685","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6294891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6294891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6294891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000089336","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000089336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (50), E11595\u2013E11603","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmid:30478047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30478047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4nf124cw","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4nf124cw","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 115, iss 50","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:21003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(50), E11595-E11603.","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3028234","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-07F1-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000089336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000089336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000089336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1806868115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806868115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2557952690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91644218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6906290767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0210104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322292","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492375455","https://openalex.org/W1665433863","https://openalex.org/W1679833810","https://openalex.org/W1907369419","https://openalex.org/W1952525616","https://openalex.org/W1976166343","https://openalex.org/W1977252578","https://openalex.org/W1978939574","https://openalex.org/W1993005160","https://openalex.org/W2006420366","https://openalex.org/W2006650789","https://openalex.org/W2007641699","https://openalex.org/W2007841777","https://openalex.org/W2009785411","https://openalex.org/W2012220990","https://openalex.org/W2022656631","https://openalex.org/W2026703119","https://openalex.org/W2027996445","https://openalex.org/W2044382784","https://openalex.org/W2046376516","https://openalex.org/W2046522597","https://openalex.org/W2048473275","https://openalex.org/W2053651823","https://openalex.org/W2054935702","https://openalex.org/W2055600484","https://openalex.org/W2060576432","https://openalex.org/W2063087184","https://openalex.org/W2065250729","https://openalex.org/W2070796364","https://openalex.org/W2074385443","https://openalex.org/W2081134248","https://openalex.org/W2083988711","https://openalex.org/W2093674996","https://openalex.org/W2101516166","https://openalex.org/W2101956016","https://openalex.org/W2104287081","https://openalex.org/W2106028503","https://openalex.org/W2109458851","https://openalex.org/W2111647110","https://openalex.org/W2116417968","https://openalex.org/W2119705547","https://openalex.org/W2121026606","https://openalex.org/W2126375005","https://openalex.org/W2128368246","https://openalex.org/W2130069124","https://openalex.org/W2130807065","https://openalex.org/W2132410262","https://openalex.org/W2135210001","https://openalex.org/W2141510474","https://openalex.org/W2163114065","https://openalex.org/W2164216367","https://openalex.org/W2165977355","https://openalex.org/W2167114059","https://openalex.org/W2184549815","https://openalex.org/W2530960585","https://openalex.org/W2591619922","https://openalex.org/W2739136572","https://openalex.org/W2742134980","https://openalex.org/W2743541307","https://openalex.org/W2776574223","https://openalex.org/W2887212846","https://openalex.org/W2888534752","https://openalex.org/W3163695350","https://openalex.org/W4292822122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117998989","https://openalex.org/W6906585440","https://openalex.org/W2966888052","https://openalex.org/W7135229250","https://openalex.org/W2086189916","https://openalex.org/W2070796364","https://openalex.org/W4364375921","https://openalex.org/W2153384844","https://openalex.org/W2972547410","https://openalex.org/W1859320757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wildfires":[0],"inject":[1],"large":[2],"amounts":[3],"of":[4,28,52,119,132,145,167,184,209],"black":[5],"carbon":[6],"(BC)":[7],"particles":[8,107,186],"into":[9],"the":[10,15,57,81,102,120,136,149,173,196,205],"atmosphere,":[11],"which":[12],"can":[13,190],"reach":[14],"lowermost":[16],"stratosphere":[17],"(LMS)":[18],"and":[19,38,44,73,139,181,198],"cause":[20],"strong":[21,192],"radiative":[22,207],"forcing.":[23],"During":[24],"a":[25,32,111,128,143,152,162,201],"14-month":[26],"period":[27],"observations":[29],"on":[30,204],"board":[31],"passenger":[33],"aircraft":[34],"flying":[35],"between":[36],"Europe":[37],"North":[39],"America,":[40],"we":[41,159],"found":[42,161],"frequent":[43],"widespread":[45],"biomass":[46],"burning":[47],"(BB)":[48],"plumes,":[49],"influencing":[50],"16":[51],"160":[53],"flight":[54],"hours":[55],"in":[56,64,135,148,195],"LMS.":[58],"The":[59,114,177],"average":[60,115],"BC":[61,106,121,174,185],"mass":[62,116],"concentrations":[63,180],"these":[65],"plumes":[66],"(\u223c140":[67],"ng\u00b7m":[68,85,98],"\u22123":[69,86,99],",":[70],"standard":[71],"temperature":[72],"pressure)":[74],"were":[75,108],"over":[76],"20":[77],"times":[78],"higher":[79],"than":[80,90],"background":[82],"concentration":[83],"(\u223c6":[84],")":[87],"with":[88,110,127,142],"more":[89],"100-fold":[91],"enhanced":[92],"peak":[93],"values":[94],"(up":[95],"to":[96,172],"\u223c720":[97],").":[100],"In":[101,151],"LMS,":[103],"nearly":[104],"all":[105],"covered":[109],"thick":[112,182],"coating.":[113],"equivalent":[117],"diameter":[118,164],"particle":[122,175],"cores":[123],"was":[124,156],"\u223c120":[125],"nm":[126,134,141,147],"mean":[129],"coating":[130,144],"thickness":[131],"\u223c150":[133],"BB":[137,153],"plume":[138,154],"\u223c90":[140],"\u223c125":[146],"background.":[150],"that":[155,188],"encountered":[157],"twice,":[158],"also":[160],"high":[163,179],"growth":[165],"rate":[166],"\u223c1":[168],"nm\u00b7h":[169],"\u22121":[170],"due":[171],"coatings.":[176],"observed":[178],"coatings":[183],"demonstrate":[187],"wildfires":[189],"induce":[191],"local":[193],"heating":[194],"LMS":[197],"may":[199],"have":[200],"significant":[202],"influence":[203],"regional":[206],"forcing":[208],"climate.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}