{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902762889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","title":"Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language","display_name":"Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902762889","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","mag":"2902762889","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30498165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.aav2211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/journal_volume/Science.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103137827","display_name":"Sebastian Steiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-427X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-427X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Steiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-427X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065101134","display_name":"Jakob B. Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-2745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-2745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-2745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084469522","display_name":"Stefan Glatzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Glatzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075799847","display_name":"Anna Andreou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Andreou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033155636","display_name":"Jaros\u0142aw M. Granda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-7669","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-7669"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaros\u0142aw M. Granda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-7669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028323457","display_name":"Graham Keenan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Keenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085794325","display_name":"Trevor Hinkley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor Hinkley","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013549829","display_name":"Gerardo Arag\u00f3n-Camarasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-5569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-5569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo Aragon-Camarasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","School of Computer Science, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017445638","display_name":"Philip J. Kitson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-1869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-1869","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3819-7343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip J. Kitson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-1869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077616555","display_name":"Davide Angelone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-907X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-907X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Angelone","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-907X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027887380","display_name":"Leroy Cronin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-5757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-5757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leroy Cronin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8035-5757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027887380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.1702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":623,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9977384,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"363","issue":"6423","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.35989999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.35989999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12327","display_name":"Various Chemistry Research Topics","score":0.1746000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10911","display_name":"Chemical Synthesis and Analysis","score":0.15139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-synthesis","display_name":"robotic synthesis","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-robotic-platform","display_name":"modular robotic platform","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-operations","display_name":"unit operations","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diphenhydramine-hydrochloride","display_name":"diphenhydramine hydrochloride","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rufinamide","display_name":"rufinamide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sildenafil","display_name":"sildenafil","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-synthesis","display_name":"drug synthesis","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7788164615631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5428961515426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4808005392551422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37879496812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3277166187763214}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068677","descriptor_name":"Sildenafil Citrate","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068677","descriptor_name":"Sildenafil Citrate","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068677","descriptor_name":"Sildenafil Citrate","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004155","descriptor_name":"Diphenhydramine","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004155","descriptor_name":"Diphenhydramine","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004155","descriptor_name":"Diphenhydramine","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013678","descriptor_name":"Technology, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013678","descriptor_name":"Technology, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013678","descriptor_name":"Technology, Pharmaceutical","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014230","descriptor_name":"Triazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014230","descriptor_name":"Triazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014230","descriptor_name":"Triazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000138","qualifier_name":"chemical synthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060326","descriptor_name":"Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060326","descriptor_name":"Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060326","descriptor_name":"Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.aav2211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav2211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30498165","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30498165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:174440","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/journal_volume/Science.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:174440","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/journal_volume/Science.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1449252721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K021966/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1486761679","display_name":"3DSynth: Design and fabrication of cartridges for digital chemical synthesis","funder_award_id":"EP/S017046/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1696371728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S019472/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3306151976","display_name":"Complex Chemical Systems Platform Exploring Inorganic Intelligence","funder_award_id":"EP/R01308X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3445563623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H024107/1, EP/J015156/1, EP/K021966/1, EP/L015668/1, EP/L023652/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5486013847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H024107/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5969667174","display_name":"Molecular-Metal-Oxide-nanoelectronicS (M-MOS): Achieving the Molecular Limit","funder_award_id":"EP/H024107/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6188963204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J015156/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6582387651","display_name":"Chemobots: Digital-Chemical-Robotics to Convert Code to Molecules and Complex Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/S019472/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6705572374","display_name":"A Digital DNA Nano Writer (DNA NanoFab)","funder_award_id":"EP/L015668/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6922836983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L023652/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G692544956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S017046/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7890238548","display_name":"Programmable Molecular Metal Oxides (PMMOs): From Fundamentals to Application","funder_award_id":"EP/J015156/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7922847960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L015668/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051559902","display_name":"Programmable 'Digital' Synthesis for Discovery &amp; Scale-up of Molecules, Clusters &amp; Nanomaterials","funder_award_id":"EP/L023652/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8052591024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R01308X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8544008722","display_name":"The Multicorder","funder_award_id":"EP/K021966/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8549965245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"670467 SMART-POM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965815220","https://openalex.org/W1980139070","https://openalex.org/W2004531868","https://openalex.org/W2018161329","https://openalex.org/W2024844471","https://openalex.org/W2035669154","https://openalex.org/W2049329712","https://openalex.org/W2113024448","https://openalex.org/W2152413572","https://openalex.org/W2165723506","https://openalex.org/W2247581895","https://openalex.org/W2334592091","https://openalex.org/W2406493898","https://openalex.org/W2579903377","https://openalex.org/W2621108245","https://openalex.org/W2782616083","https://openalex.org/W2791434587","https://openalex.org/W2888436131","https://openalex.org/W2891182990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100],"synthesis":[1],"of":[2,58,87],"complex":[3,128],"organic":[4],"compounds":[5],"is":[6,12],"largely":[7],"a":[8,42,48],"manual":[9],"process":[10],"that":[11,24,52,107],"often":[13],"incompletely":[14],"documented.":[15],"To":[16],"address":[17],"these":[18],"shortcomings,":[19],"we":[20],"developed":[21],"an":[22],"abstraction":[23],"maps":[25],"commonly":[26],"reported":[27],"methodological":[28],"instructions":[29],"into":[30],"discrete":[31],"steps":[32],"amenable":[33],"to":[34,70,93,127],"automation.":[35],"These":[36],"unit":[37],"operations":[38],"were":[39,91],"implemented":[40],"in":[41],"modular":[43],"robotic":[44],"platform":[45],"by":[46,65],"using":[47],"chemical":[49],"programming":[50],"language":[51],"formalizes":[53],"and":[54,78,85,89,112,124],"controls":[55],"the":[56,59,63,67],"assembly":[57],"molecules.":[60,129],"We":[61],"validated":[62],"concept":[64],"directing":[66],"automated":[68],"system":[69],"synthesize":[71],"three":[72],"pharmaceutical":[73],"compounds,":[74],"diphenhydramine":[75],"hydrochloride,":[76],"rufinamide,":[77],"sildenafil,":[79],"without":[80],"any":[81],"human":[82],"intervention.":[83],"Yields":[84],"purities":[86],"products":[88],"intermediates":[90],"comparable":[92],"or":[94],"better":[95],"than":[96],"those":[97],"achieved":[98],"manually.":[99],"syntheses":[101],"are":[102],"captured":[103],"as":[104],"digital":[105],"code":[106],"can":[108],"be":[109],"published,":[110],"versioned,":[111],"transferred":[113],"flexibly":[114],"between":[115],"platforms":[116],"with":[117],"no":[118],"modification,":[119],"thereby":[120],"greatly":[121],"enhancing":[122],"reproducibility":[123],"reliable":[125],"access":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
