{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902551236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","title":"An Attention-Based Word-Level Interaction Model for Knowledge Base Relation Detection","display_name":"An Attention-Based Word-Level Interaction Model for Knowledge Base Relation Detection","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902551236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","mag":"2902551236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044909138","display_name":"Hongzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-7691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-7691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-7691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051512158","display_name":"Guandong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-6663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-6663","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-9667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guandong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057853630","display_name":"Guangluan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-593X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-593X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangluan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112365916","display_name":"Kun Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-6469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-6469","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-9627","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-3110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Suzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670891","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2414-9642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2414-9642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102729253","display_name":"Tinglei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-2842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-2842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinglei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Suzhou, China","Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":1.573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86430244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"75429","last_page":"75441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"semantic similarity","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-layers","display_name":"recurrent layers","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base-question-answering","display_name":"knowledge base question answering","score":0.8410000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7882388830184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.7002170085906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6154273748397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6092733144760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6091436743736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5831588506698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5401081442832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5143557786941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.47649091482162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153604712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310755","display_name":"Relationship extraction","level":3,"score":0.45590299367904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3906102180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3667221665382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32760319113731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13958457112312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1801.09893","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.09893","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.09893","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a2b8ec9f03314e2cbec6c7ecdee5a5fb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a2b8ec9f03314e2cbec6c7ecdee5a5fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 6, Pp 75429-75441 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/129500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/129500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1801.09893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.09893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.09893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2018.2883304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2883304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902551236.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902551236.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W174427690","https://openalex.org/W580074167","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1801721664","https://openalex.org/W1887754209","https://openalex.org/W1889268436","https://openalex.org/W1966443646","https://openalex.org/W1981419611","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065240770","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2118463056","https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2136502946","https://openalex.org/W2140636749","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2167665328","https://openalex.org/W2173361515","https://openalex.org/W2178228255","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2211192759","https://openalex.org/W2250521169","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251079237","https://openalex.org/W2251287417","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2413794162","https://openalex.org/W2419173203","https://openalex.org/W2469060249","https://openalex.org/W2513378248","https://openalex.org/W2515462165","https://openalex.org/W2516930406","https://openalex.org/W2517194566","https://openalex.org/W2520861906","https://openalex.org/W2556553881","https://openalex.org/W2566011400","https://openalex.org/W2567070169","https://openalex.org/W2582553469","https://openalex.org/W2593833795","https://openalex.org/W2612888458","https://openalex.org/W2756386045","https://openalex.org/W2765752452","https://openalex.org/W2767073696","https://openalex.org/W2774267535","https://openalex.org/W2782747298","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2798752735","https://openalex.org/W2800791174","https://openalex.org/W2807441601","https://openalex.org/W2890177507","https://openalex.org/W2896391192","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2962939608","https://openalex.org/W2963366389","https://openalex.org/W2963499204","https://openalex.org/W2963542836","https://openalex.org/W2963655104","https://openalex.org/W2963682631","https://openalex.org/W2963738886","https://openalex.org/W2963949210","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3148471979","https://openalex.org/W6752326659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785660418","https://openalex.org/W4409445749","https://openalex.org/W6959612341","https://openalex.org/W3147216634","https://openalex.org/W2963655104","https://openalex.org/W3033893309","https://openalex.org/W2963761301","https://openalex.org/W4387717981","https://openalex.org/W2954097349","https://openalex.org/W2941466155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relation":[0],"detection":[1,28,169],"plays":[2],"a":[3,99,139,149],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,23],"knowledge":[7],"base":[8],"question":[9,40,119],"answering,":[10],"and":[11,41,120,173],"it":[12],"is":[13,59,108,154],"challenging":[14],"because":[15],"of":[16,20,65,73,167],"the":[17,39,42,63,71,89,96,103,112,118,121,129,133,145,158,163,180],"high":[18],"variance":[19],"relation":[21,27,44,168],"expression":[22],"real-world":[24],"questions.":[25],"Traditional":[26],"models":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31,128,170],"deep":[32],"learning":[33],"follow":[34],"an":[35,81],"encoding-comparing":[36],"paradigm,":[37],"where":[38],"candidate":[43],"are":[45,126,136],"represented":[46],"as":[47],"vectors":[48],"to":[49,61,87,110,143,156],"compare":[50],"their":[51],"semantic":[52,146],"similarity.":[53,147],"Max-":[54],"or":[55],"average-pooling":[56],"operation,":[57],"which":[58],"used":[60],"compress":[62],"sequence":[64,97],"words":[66,116],"into":[67,98],"fixed-dimensional":[68,100],"vectors,":[69],"becomes":[70],"bottleneck":[72],"information":[74,90],"flow.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"propose":[80],"attention-based":[82],"word-level":[83],"interaction":[84],"model":[85],"(ABWIM)":[86],"alleviate":[88],"loss":[91],"issue":[92],"caused":[93],"by":[94],"aggregating":[95],"vector":[101],"before":[102],"comparison.":[104],"First,":[105],"attention":[106],"mechanism":[107],"adopted":[109],"learn":[111],"soft":[113],"alignments":[114],"between":[115],"from":[117],"relation.":[122],"Then,":[123],"fine-grained":[124],"comparisons":[125],"performed":[127],"aligned":[130],"words.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"comparison":[134],"results":[135,166],"merged":[137],"with":[138],"simple":[140],"recurrent":[141],"layer":[142],"estimate":[144],"Besides,":[148],"dynamic":[150],"sample":[151],"selection":[152],"strategy":[153],"proposed":[155],"accelerate":[157],"training":[159],"procedure":[160],"without":[161],"decreasing":[162],"performance.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"both":[171],"SimpleQuestions":[172],"WebQuestions":[174],"datasets":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"ABWIM":[178],"achieves":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"accuracy,":[182],"demonstrating":[183],"its":[184],"effectiveness.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}