{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902450164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","title":"Effects of Bentonite Application and Urea Fertilization Time on Growth, Development and Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceaeL.)","display_name":"Effects of Bentonite Application and Urea Fertilization Time on Growth, Development and Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleraceaeL.)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902450164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","mag":"2902450164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159568494","display_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","issn_l":"0010-3624","issn":["0010-3624","1532-2416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066634577","display_name":"Leila Bandian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-2985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-2985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leila Bandian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103357714","display_name":"Hosein Nemati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosein Nemati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105984266","display_name":"Mohammad Moghaddam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-4118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-4118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Moghaddam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science Agriculture,Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066634577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85925203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.7753999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.195700004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12113","display_name":"Growth and nutrition in plants","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bentonite","display_name":"bentonite","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea-fertilization","display_name":"urea fertilization","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilization-timing","display_name":"fertilization timing","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-accumulation","display_name":"nitrate accumulation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrite-accumulation","display_name":"nitrite accumulation","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxalic-acid","display_name":"oxalic acid","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leafy-vegetables","display_name":"leafy vegetables","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth","display_name":"plant growth","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.8577805757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.7922177314758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.7196130752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.7155773639678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777979977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380149","display_name":"Bentonite","level":2,"score":0.678120493888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.5979821085929871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5886942148208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5507696866989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5418056845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.47396132349967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72158415","display_name":"Nitrite","level":3,"score":0.4183729290962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.39992859959602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2775246202945709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09780174493789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1538373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159568494","display_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","issn_l":"0010-3624","issn":["0010-3624","1532-2416"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175524328","https://openalex.org/W272131305","https://openalex.org/W1184759576","https://openalex.org/W1846915103","https://openalex.org/W1970759018","https://openalex.org/W1974907033","https://openalex.org/W1984749226","https://openalex.org/W1984794636","https://openalex.org/W2002561804","https://openalex.org/W2019477293","https://openalex.org/W2020357945","https://openalex.org/W2031438077","https://openalex.org/W2037092224","https://openalex.org/W2046756341","https://openalex.org/W2048120815","https://openalex.org/W2052183760","https://openalex.org/W2056241948","https://openalex.org/W2060821832","https://openalex.org/W2061192083","https://openalex.org/W2066638624","https://openalex.org/W2071490004","https://openalex.org/W2072229788","https://openalex.org/W2072999611","https://openalex.org/W2087863303","https://openalex.org/W2095094276","https://openalex.org/W2095491939","https://openalex.org/W2098008517","https://openalex.org/W2124268508","https://openalex.org/W2141538290","https://openalex.org/W2207246233","https://openalex.org/W2289791215","https://openalex.org/W2305970554","https://openalex.org/W2334766315","https://openalex.org/W2589718163","https://openalex.org/W2590054845","https://openalex.org/W4302394373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977320975","https://openalex.org/W3210783434","https://openalex.org/W2188327889","https://openalex.org/W2016260844","https://openalex.org/W2379432890","https://openalex.org/W2739346239","https://openalex.org/W7117354021","https://openalex.org/W244114731","https://openalex.org/W2090550712","https://openalex.org/W2375609705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"excessive":[1],"application":[2,61,108],"of":[3,11,39,75,87,109,120,123,144,177],"nitrogen":[4],"fertilizer,":[5],"vegetables":[6],"can":[7],"accumulate":[8],"high":[9],"levels":[10,53],"nitrate":[12,40,85,127],"in":[13,41,163],"their":[14],"vegetative":[15],"body":[16],"and,":[17],"when":[18],"consumed":[19],"by":[20],"living":[21],"organisms,":[22],"pose":[23],"serious":[24],"health-related":[25],"risks":[26],"for":[27,188],"humans.":[28],"Regarding":[29],"such":[30],"problems,":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33],"necessary":[34],"to":[35,50],"minimize":[36],"the":[37,73,81,101,105,114,118,148],"accumulation":[38,86,130],"leafy":[42],"vegetables.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"a":[45,164],"pot":[46],"experiment":[47],"was":[48,132,153],"conducted":[49],"evaluate":[51],"bentonite":[52,112,145,167,178],"(0,":[54],"20,":[55],"40,":[56],"60,":[57],"80":[58],"g/kg":[59],"soil)":[60],"and":[62,84,128,142,179],"urea":[63,92,135,156,180],"fertilization":[64,93,136,157,181],"times":[65,182],"(25,":[66],"50,":[67],"75":[68],"days":[69,96,139,160],"after":[70,97,140,161],"sowing;":[71],"at":[72,134,155],"rate":[74,131,176],"0.2":[76],"g":[77],"per":[78],"pot)":[79],"on":[80,94,104,117,137,158],"growth,":[82],"development":[83],"spinach.":[88,124],"Results":[89],"showed":[90,171],"that":[91,172],"25":[95,159],"sowing":[98],"date":[99],"had":[100,113],"highest":[102,115],"effect":[103,116],"quality,":[106],"while":[107],"60":[110],"gr":[111],"improvement":[119],"growth":[121],"parameters":[122],"The":[125,169],"lowest":[126,149],"nitrite":[129],"observed":[133],"50":[138],"planting":[141,162],"lack":[143],"application,":[146],"whereas":[147],"oxalic":[150],"acid":[151],"content":[152],"obtained":[154],"soil":[165],"without":[166],"application.":[168],"results":[170,187],"implementing":[173],"an":[174],"appropriate":[175],"may":[183],"bring":[184],"about":[185],"favorable":[186],"spinach":[189],"production.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}