{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902224309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","title":"Dual Language Competencies of Turkish\u2013German Children Growing Up in Germany: Factors Supportive of Functioning Dual Language Development","display_name":"Dual Language Competencies of Turkish\u2013German Children Growing Up in Germany: Factors Supportive of Functioning Dual Language Development","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902224309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","mag":"2902224309","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30559689","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6287005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023618186","display_name":"Beyhan Ertanir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6091-6403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6091-6403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086570","display_name":"Heidelberg University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0044w3h23","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086570"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beyhan Ertanir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany","Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063790873","display_name":"Jens Kratzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-8896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-8896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199417121","display_name":"Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/00mx91s63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Kratzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012087232","display_name":"Maren Frank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199417121","display_name":"Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/00mx91s63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maren Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068675428","display_name":"Samuel Jahrei\u00df","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199417121","display_name":"Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/00mx91s63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Jahreiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Childhood Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022138941","display_name":"Steffi Sachse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-4067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-4067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086570","display_name":"Heidelberg University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0044w3h23","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086570"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffi Sachse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023618186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I4210086570"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2157},"fwci":3.1906,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9134149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"2261","last_page":"2261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-memory","display_name":"phonological memory","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-vocabulary","display_name":"expressive vocabulary","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-language-environment","display_name":"home language environment","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-factors","display_name":"family factors","score":0.34200000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.8285024166107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.8229125738143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992540719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310213","display_name":"Dual language","level":2,"score":0.7985210418701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7149954438209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6856852173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.6659595966339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4404072165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3630300760269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.20573341846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5264709","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6287005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6287005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6287005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30559689","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30559689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.ku.de:22868","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261/full","pdf_url":"https://edoc.ku.de/id/eprint/22868/1/fpsyg-09-02261.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400143","display_name":"Publication Server of the Catholic University Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt (Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I199417121","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Artikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d51f50fe5b04543b5819f1e3c5bdeb7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d51f50fe5b04543b5819f1e3c5bdeb7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 9 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.ku-eichstaett.de:22868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.ku-eichstaett.de/22868/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400143","display_name":"Publication Server of the Catholic University Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt (Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I199417121","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199417121"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02261/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6208667929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01JM1402B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320881","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902224309.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902224309.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584551294","https://openalex.org/W1256618353","https://openalex.org/W1482956266","https://openalex.org/W1489267873","https://openalex.org/W1489743493","https://openalex.org/W1508541717","https://openalex.org/W1529016470","https://openalex.org/W1932194527","https://openalex.org/W1965348980","https://openalex.org/W1968767903","https://openalex.org/W1969471076","https://openalex.org/W1971575845","https://openalex.org/W1976127885","https://openalex.org/W1982356085","https://openalex.org/W1986475594","https://openalex.org/W1993823475","https://openalex.org/W1996980230","https://openalex.org/W2008457707","https://openalex.org/W2011035448","https://openalex.org/W2018987757","https://openalex.org/W2021179973","https://openalex.org/W2026138297","https://openalex.org/W2027266261","https://openalex.org/W2035649317","https://openalex.org/W2039810351","https://openalex.org/W2043726158","https://openalex.org/W2044961782","https://openalex.org/W2047826505","https://openalex.org/W2050052595","https://openalex.org/W2050651116","https://openalex.org/W2054701234","https://openalex.org/W2058266175","https://openalex.org/W2062862495","https://openalex.org/W2082779724","https://openalex.org/W2088476022","https://openalex.org/W2090093550","https://openalex.org/W2091330584","https://openalex.org/W2096868453","https://openalex.org/W2098740065","https://openalex.org/W2099850229","https://openalex.org/W2102785056","https://openalex.org/W2105187470","https://openalex.org/W2107492371","https://openalex.org/W2107907146","https://openalex.org/W2108076557","https://openalex.org/W2108836181","https://openalex.org/W2110170398","https://openalex.org/W2111403529","https://openalex.org/W2111615025","https://openalex.org/W2124242630","https://openalex.org/W2125744163","https://openalex.org/W2132934369","https://openalex.org/W2134906192","https://openalex.org/W2141838316","https://openalex.org/W2151338697","https://openalex.org/W2168995526","https://openalex.org/W2259559558","https://openalex.org/W2300881568","https://openalex.org/W2331966686","https://openalex.org/W2350392114","https://openalex.org/W2394499432","https://openalex.org/W2462844146","https://openalex.org/W2474532079","https://openalex.org/W2492106305","https://openalex.org/W2494765222","https://openalex.org/W2516447198","https://openalex.org/W2561436976","https://openalex.org/W2605637605","https://openalex.org/W2753713012","https://openalex.org/W2890979202","https://openalex.org/W2901050505","https://openalex.org/W4247277229","https://openalex.org/W4250395249","https://openalex.org/W6730691439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7141686752","https://openalex.org/W1402713","https://openalex.org/W2901813802","https://openalex.org/W2090427674","https://openalex.org/W2488252594","https://openalex.org/W2350392114","https://openalex.org/W2980286209","https://openalex.org/W2132934369","https://openalex.org/W7159780462","https://openalex.org/W3125667975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2,249],"about":[3],"the":[4,18,21,40,50,53,56,61,76,87,116,137,154,254],"first":[5,37],"(L1)":[6],"and":[7,23,26,33,46,49,81,92,120,141,144,167,184,219,265],"second":[8],"language":[9,15,67,89,94,122,156,162,169,210,222,244,260,271],"(L2)":[10],"skills":[11,95,143,163,170,267],"of":[12,20,39,96,128,209,227,234,256,276],"Turkish-German":[13,105],"dual":[14,66],"learners":[16],"(DLLs),":[17],"interrelatedness":[19],"L1":[22,45,91,140,165,183,191,264],"L2":[24,47,93,142,172,185,196,229,266],"skills,":[25,186],"their":[27,175,187,277],"relation":[28,51],"to":[29,43,59,74,78,86,103,135,152,268],"other":[30],"selected":[31],"child":[32,80],"family":[34,213],"variables.":[35],"The":[36,158],"aim":[38],"study":[41,57,252],"was":[42,124,192,205],"examine":[44,136],"performance":[48],"between":[52,139],"languages.":[54,278],"Second,":[55],"sought":[58],"explore":[60],"conditions":[62],"in":[63,150,164,171,190],"which":[64,79],"functioning":[65],"development":[68],"can":[69],"be":[70],"achieved,":[71],"while":[72],"trying":[73],"predict":[75,153,269],"extent":[77],"environmental":[82],"factors":[83],"are":[84],"related":[85],"DLLs\u2019":[88,270],"competencies.":[90,157,245],"N":[97],"=":[98],"69":[99],"bilingually":[100],"developing":[101],"3-":[102],"5-year-old":[104],"children":[106,159],"were":[107,133,148,179,224],"assessed":[108],"via":[109],"standardized":[110],"tests.":[111],"In":[112],"addition,":[113],"information":[114],"on":[115,243],"children\u2019s":[117,155],"sociodemographic":[118],"variables":[119],"home":[121,221,238],"environments":[123],"obtained":[125],"by":[126],"means":[127],"parental":[129],"questionnaires.":[130],"Correlational":[131],"analyses":[132,147],"used":[134],"interrelations":[138],"multiple":[145],"regression":[146],"conducted":[149],"order":[151],"showed":[160],"age-appropriate":[161],"(Turkish)":[166],"lower":[168],"(German).":[173],"Whereas":[174],"phonological":[176,203],"memory":[177,204],"abilities":[178],"positively":[180],"correlated":[181,194],"with":[182,195],"expressive":[188],"vocabulary":[189],"negatively":[193],"skills.":[197,230],"Our":[198],"findings":[199],"also":[200],"indicated":[201],"that":[202],"a":[206,258],"strong":[207],"predictor":[208],"abilities.":[211],"Concerning":[212],"variables,":[214],"both":[215,235,263],"early":[216],"daycare":[217],"entry":[218],"stimulating":[220],"environment":[223],"significant":[225],"predictors":[226],"better":[228],"Lastly,":[231],"balanced":[232],"use":[233],"languages":[236],"at":[237],"had":[239],"no":[240],"negative":[241],"consequences":[242],"Although":[246],"more":[247],"research":[248],"needed,":[250],"this":[251],"shows":[253],"benefits":[255],"using":[257],"combined":[259],"measure":[261],"including":[262],"competencies":[272],"without":[273],"disregarding":[274],"either":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}