{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901993035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","title":"How Change Happens","display_name":"How Change Happens","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901993035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","mag":"2901993035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463997","display_name":"The MIT Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052372722","display_name":"Cass Robert Sunstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-3008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-3008","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-4500","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-4209"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cass R. Sunstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052372722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97029703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5449000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-change","display_name":"social change","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-movements","display_name":"social movements","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nudging","display_name":"nudging","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-economics","display_name":"behavioral economics","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-division","display_name":"social division","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-harassment","display_name":"sexual harassment","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-nationalism","display_name":"white nationalism","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-interventions","display_name":"behavioral interventions","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8858961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367","display_name":"Nudge theory","level":2,"score":0.7594848871231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776876785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7112875","display_name":"Outrage","level":3,"score":0.4978208541870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47158873081207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.44209450483322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206836424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510761","display_name":"Social change","level":2,"score":0.43589848279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.36096078157424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34055352210998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3250316381454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.32316040992736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31575557589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29472559690475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2751765251159668}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11974.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463997","display_name":"The MIT Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946581300","https://openalex.org/W4246152156","https://openalex.org/W3124224061","https://openalex.org/W4251130022","https://openalex.org/W7066558335","https://openalex.org/W4403052948","https://openalex.org/W4391058401","https://openalex.org/W1035030209","https://openalex.org/W4229613390","https://openalex.org/W4250857556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32],"different":[1,182],"ways":[2],"that":[3,52,150,184],"social":[4,12,38,43,120,221,223,249],"change":[5,39,111,172],"happens,":[6],"from":[7],"unleashing":[8],"to":[9,11,55,130,214],"nudging":[10],"cascades.":[13],"\"Sunstein's":[14],"book":[15],"is":[16,81,165,173],"illuminating":[17],"because":[18],"it":[19],"puts":[20],"norms":[21,127],"at":[22],"the":[23,69,93,116,145,151],"center":[24],"of":[25,76,84,95,119,189,203,240],"how":[26,110],"we":[27],"think":[28],"about":[29],"change.\"\u2014David":[30],"Brooks,":[31],"New":[33],"York":[34],"Times":[35],"How":[36],"does":[37],"happen?":[40],"When":[41,126],"do":[42],"movements":[44],"take":[45],"off?":[46],"Sexual":[47],"harassment":[48],"was":[49],"once":[50],"something":[51],"women":[53],"had":[54],"endure;":[56],"now":[57,79],"a":[58,105,156,230,234],"movement":[59],"has":[60,153],"risen":[61],"up":[62],"against":[63,237],"it.":[64],"White":[65],"nationalist":[66],"sentiments,":[67],"on":[68,109,115,122],"other":[70,100],"hand,":[71],"were":[72],"largely":[73],"kept":[74],"out":[75],"mainstream":[77],"discourse;":[78],"there":[80],"no":[82,154],"shortage":[83],"media":[85],"outlets":[86],"for":[87],"them.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"book,":[91],"with":[92,229],"help":[94,178],"behavioral":[96],"economics,":[97],"psychology,":[98],"and":[99,167,181,207,216,225,247],"fields,":[101],"Cass":[102],"Sunstein":[103,113,199],"casts":[104],"bright":[106],"new":[107,180],"light":[108],"happens.":[112],"focuses":[114],"crucial":[117],"role":[118],"norms\u2014and":[121],"their":[123],"frequent":[124],"collapse.":[125],"lead":[128],"people":[129],"silence":[131],"themselves,":[132],"even":[133],"an":[134,241],"unpopular":[135],"status":[136],"quo":[137],"can":[138,244],"persist.":[139],"Then":[140],"one":[141],"day,":[142],"someone":[143],"challenges":[144],"norm\u2014a":[146],"child":[147],"who":[148,158],"exclaims":[149],"emperor":[152],"clothes;":[155],"woman":[157],"says":[159],"\u201cme":[160],"too.\u201d":[161],"Sometimes":[162,171],"suppressed":[163],"outrage":[164],"unleashed,":[166],"long-standing":[168],"practices":[169],"fall.":[170],"more":[174],"gradual,":[175],"as":[176],"\u201cnudges\u201d":[177],"produce":[179],"decisions\u2014apps":[183],"count":[185],"calories;":[186],"texted":[187],"reminders":[188],"deadlines;":[190],"automatic":[191],"enrollment":[192],"in":[193],"green":[194],"energy":[195],"or":[196],"pension":[197],"plans.":[198],"explores":[200],"what":[201],"kinds":[202],"nudges":[204,210],"are":[205],"effective":[206],"shows":[208],"why":[209],"sometimes":[211],"give":[212],"way":[213],"bans":[215],"mandates.":[217],"Finally,":[218],"he":[219],"considers":[220],"divisions,":[222],"cascades,":[224],"\u201cpartyism,\u201d":[226],"when":[227],"identification":[228],"political":[231],"party":[232],"creates":[233],"strong":[235],"bias":[236],"all":[238],"members":[239],"opposing":[242],"party\u2014which":[243],"both":[245],"fuel":[246],"block":[248],"change.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}