{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901988435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","title":"Who Isn\u2019t Using Patient Portals And Why? Evidence And Implications From A National Sample Of US Adults","display_name":"Who Isn\u2019t Using Patient Portals And Why? Evidence And Implications From A National Sample Of US Adults","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901988435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","mag":"2901988435","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017997494","display_name":"Denise L. Anthony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-9055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-9055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise L. Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Denise L. Anthony () is a professor of health management and policy and of sociology in the Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, in Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Denise L. Anthony () is a professor of health management and policy and of sociology in the Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, in Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030336086","display_name":"Celeste Campos\u2010Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-1842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-1842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celeste Campos-Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Celeste Campos-Castillo is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Celeste Campos-Castillo is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013322900","display_name":"Paulina S. Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-6757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-6757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulina S. Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paulina S. Lim is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paulina S. Lim is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.9771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.997975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"12","first_page":"1948","last_page":"1954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10737","display_name":"Health Literacy and Information Accessibility","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-portals","display_name":"patient portals","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicaid","display_name":"Medicaid","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-provider-communication","display_name":"provider communication","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-provider-relationship","display_name":"patient-provider relationship","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-concerns","display_name":"privacy concerns","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-national-trends-survey","display_name":"Health Information National Trends Survey","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776153502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144994","display_name":"Patient portal","level":3,"score":0.919209361076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776534028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363","display_name":"Medicaid","level":3,"score":0.7406798601150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690559","display_name":"Health Information National Trends Survey","level":4,"score":0.6564590930938721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49502986669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.48451703786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4548821747303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.43869197368621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.3134220242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072638","descriptor_name":"Patient Portals","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001292","descriptor_name":"Attitude to Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010817","descriptor_name":"Physician-Patient Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058015","descriptor_name":"Health Communication","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058015","descriptor_name":"Health Communication","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30633673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195307873","https://openalex.org/W1611469471","https://openalex.org/W1994232366","https://openalex.org/W2020764861","https://openalex.org/W2023248478","https://openalex.org/W2036242709","https://openalex.org/W2062311620","https://openalex.org/W2096527467","https://openalex.org/W2114661329","https://openalex.org/W2119520080","https://openalex.org/W2125922179","https://openalex.org/W2126588790","https://openalex.org/W2142429234","https://openalex.org/W2144168775","https://openalex.org/W2152197719","https://openalex.org/W2154262094","https://openalex.org/W2191668656","https://openalex.org/W2254619227","https://openalex.org/W2288214779","https://openalex.org/W2411892849","https://openalex.org/W2471064922","https://openalex.org/W2514935841","https://openalex.org/W2524697438","https://openalex.org/W2529672038","https://openalex.org/W2555577466","https://openalex.org/W2621605969","https://openalex.org/W2765292139","https://openalex.org/W2768129776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3012928685","https://openalex.org/W4311261144","https://openalex.org/W7126225138","https://openalex.org/W3170001495","https://openalex.org/W4281724017","https://openalex.org/W4391215882","https://openalex.org/W4389179854","https://openalex.org/W4310572729","https://openalex.org/W4400130135","https://openalex.org/W7172498645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patient":[0],"portals":[1],"that":[2,68],"provide":[3],"secure":[4],"online":[5],"access":[6,101],"to":[7,32,42,73,91,102,110,121,124],"medical":[8],"record":[9],"information":[10,27],"and":[11,48,83,126,141],"provider":[12,139],"communication":[13,140],"can":[14,21],"improve":[15],"health":[16],"care.":[17],"Yet":[18],"new":[19],"technologies":[20],"exacerbate":[22],"existing":[23],"disparities.":[24],"We":[25],"analyzed":[26],"about":[28],"2,325":[29],"insured":[30],"respondents":[31],"the":[33,60,119,135],"nationally":[34],"representative":[35],"2017":[36],"Health":[37],"Information":[38],"National":[39],"Trends":[40],"Survey":[41],"examine":[43],"characteristics":[44],"of":[45,130,134,138],"portal":[46,58],"nonusers":[47,69],"reasons":[49],"for":[50,116],"nonuse.":[51],"Sixty-three":[52],"percent":[53],"reported":[54,98],"not":[55],"using":[56],"a":[57,80,87,103],"during":[59],"prior":[61],"year.":[62],"In":[63],"multivariable":[64],"analysis,":[65],"we":[66],"found":[67],"were":[70],"more":[71],"likely":[72,109],"be":[74,76],"male,":[75],"on":[77],"Medicaid,":[78],"lack":[79],"regular":[81],"provider,":[82],"have":[84],"less":[85,108],"than":[86],"college":[88],"education,":[89],"compared":[90],"users.":[92],"Similar":[93],"disparities":[94],"existed":[95],"in":[96],"who":[97],"being":[99,112],"offered":[100,113],"portal,":[104],"with":[105],"nonwhites":[106],"also":[107],"report":[111],"access.":[114],"Reasons":[115],"nonuse":[117],"included":[118],"desire":[120],"speak":[122],"directly":[123],"providers":[125],"privacy":[127],"concerns,":[128],"both":[129],"which":[131],"require":[132],"recognition":[133],"important":[136],"role":[137],"patient-provider":[142],"relationships.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2018-12-11T00:00:00"}