{"id":"https://openalex.org/W290193125","doi":null,"title":"Making medicines for America: the case for clinical trial diversity.","display_name":"Making medicines for America: the case for clinical trial diversity.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W290193125","mag":"290193125","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152082","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11152082","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2568328/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041445248","display_name":"James H. Powell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124714","display_name":"National Medical Association","ror":"https://ror.org/02se5xj66","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J H Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Education and Research Division, National Medical Association, Washington, DC 20001, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Education and Research Division, National Medical Association, Washington, DC 20001, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Y Fleming","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"11","first_page":"507","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.35600000619888306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.35600000619888306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.3425000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.06939999759197235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-in-clinical-trials","display_name":"diversity in clinical trials","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development","display_name":"drug development","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equitable-access-to-medicines","display_name":"equitable access to medicines","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7071422934532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4754868745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4110940098762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.39023005962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3524263799190521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2930200695991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0804363489151001}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003257","descriptor_name":"Consumer Product Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004348","descriptor_name":"Drug Labeling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015983","descriptor_name":"Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11152082","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2568328","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2568328/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/1038702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Making+medicines+for+America:+the+case+for+clinical+trial+diversity&title=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association+&volume=92&issue=11&spage=507-514&date=2000-11&au=Powell,+James+H.;+Fleming,+Yolanda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:223775","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:290193125","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2568328","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2568328/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030093943","https://openalex.org/W2035176137","https://openalex.org/W2092449206","https://openalex.org/W2101202138","https://openalex.org/W2123107134","https://openalex.org/W2474331050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6979188032","https://openalex.org/W2431916828","https://openalex.org/W4224983999","https://openalex.org/W4396794235","https://openalex.org/W4304807385","https://openalex.org/W4405370998","https://openalex.org/W2408607434","https://openalex.org/W2418575928","https://openalex.org/W2607918768","https://openalex.org/W2395553277"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}