{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901911786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","title":"Economic analysis of thorium extraction from monazite","display_name":"Economic analysis of thorium extraction from monazite","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901911786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","mag":"2901911786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573318304807/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82136278","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"1738-5733","issn":["1738-5733","2234-358X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573318304807/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064447763","display_name":"Ahmad Hayaton Jamely Mohd Salehuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-7216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-7216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Hayaton Jamely Mohd Salehuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-7216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024473066","display_name":"Aznan Fazli Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-2888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-2888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aznan Fazli Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Frontier Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Frontier Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022718831","display_name":"Che Nor Aniza Che Zainul Bahri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Che Nor Aniza Che Zainul Bahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044283845","display_name":"Eli Syafiqah Aziman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-3123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-3123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli Syafiqah Aziman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024473066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"fwci":1.9551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85867516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"2","first_page":"631","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10973","display_name":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","score":0.739300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10973","display_name":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","score":0.739300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.12219999730587006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thorium-extraction","display_name":"thorium extraction","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monazite","display_name":"monazite","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-cost-analysis","display_name":"production cost analysis","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-investment","display_name":"capital investment","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-material-costs","display_name":"raw material costs","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-costs","display_name":"indirect costs","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-up-effects","display_name":"scale-up effects","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thorium-fuel-cycle","display_name":"thorium fuel cycle","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uranium-233","display_name":"uranium-233","score":0.8629999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527038400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1115","display_name":"Thorium","level":3,"score":0.8547194004058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6811885237693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985847231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12154181","display_name":"Production cost","level":2,"score":0.6617345809936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161542896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11247037","display_name":"Ton","level":2,"score":0.6166589856147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555451288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098","display_name":"Uranium","level":2,"score":0.5389521718025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.48702770471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4852268695831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422011","display_name":"Monazite","level":3,"score":0.4810490906238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.47100961208343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.4573172926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4247113764286041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.38128548860549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35863029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19134551286697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1817653477191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1695282757282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1339871883392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1319587230682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.11678451299667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0818200409412384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778849375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178928","display_name":"Zircon","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573318304807/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82136278","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"1738-5733","issn":["1738-5733","2234-358X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05790769v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05790769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 2019, 51 (2), pp.631-640. ⟨10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8cb2170935974cacb9708e14e31d94f7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8cb2170935974cacb9708e14e31d94f7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Vol 51, Iss 2, Pp 631-640 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.11.005","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1738573318304807/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82136278","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"1738-5733","issn":["1738-5733","2234-358X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1041819364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GGPM-2017-084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","funder_display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322679","display_name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02zt1gg83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901911786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901911786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633256126","https://openalex.org/W1569685525","https://openalex.org/W1579586760","https://openalex.org/W1971576415","https://openalex.org/W2084799244","https://openalex.org/W2508259164","https://openalex.org/W2551378613","https://openalex.org/W2561943703","https://openalex.org/W2565397294","https://openalex.org/W2587949355","https://openalex.org/W2610262523","https://openalex.org/W2615365115","https://openalex.org/W2783891840","https://openalex.org/W2792865907","https://openalex.org/W2892004994","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6733384182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242295094","https://openalex.org/W3127677512","https://openalex.org/W1488945114","https://openalex.org/W1597087730","https://openalex.org/W7165845115","https://openalex.org/W4210655863","https://openalex.org/W2948950014","https://openalex.org/W181566872","https://openalex.org/W191630731","https://openalex.org/W7057374091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thorium":[0],"(232Th)":[1],"is":[2,24,46],"four":[3],"times":[4],"more":[5],"abundant":[6],"than":[7],"uranium":[8],"in":[9,20,180],"nature":[10],"and":[11,71,79,115,124,134,151,158],"has":[12],"become":[13],"a":[14],"new":[15],"important":[16],"source":[17],"of":[18,29,35,43,52,172,195],"energy":[19],"the":[21,27,33,49,58,88,93,101,138,170,183],"future.":[22],"This":[23],"due":[25],"to":[26,31,37,47,86,130],"ability":[28],"thorium":[30,53,59,94],"undergo":[32],"bombardment":[34],"neutron":[36],"produce":[38],"uranium-233":[39],"(233U).":[40],"The":[41,97,120,162],"aim":[42],"this":[44,181],"study":[45],"investigate":[48],"production":[50,90,185],"cost":[51,78,91,126,171,186],"oxide":[54],"(ThO2)":[55],"resulted":[56],"from":[57],"extraction":[60,95],"process.":[61,96],"Four":[62],"main":[63],"parameters":[64,83],"were":[65,84,105,128],"studied":[66],"which":[67,179],"include":[68],"raw":[69,102],"material":[70,103],"chemical":[72],"cost,":[73],"total":[74,121,125,139],"capital":[75],"investment,":[76],"direct":[77],"indirect":[80],"cost.":[81],"These":[82],"justified":[85],"obtain":[87],"final":[89],"for":[92,141,155,192],"result":[98,163],"showed":[99],"that":[100,165],"costs":[104,140],"$63,126.00":[106],"\u2013$104,120.77":[107],"(0.5":[108],"ton),":[109,114],"$126,252.00":[110],"\u2013":[111,149,153],"$178,241.53":[112],"(1.0":[113],"$1,262,520.00":[116],"\u2013$1,782,415.33":[117],"(10.0":[118],"tons).":[119],"installed":[122],"equipment":[123],"investment":[127],"estimated":[129],"be":[131,177],"approximately":[132],"$11,542,984.10":[133],"$13,274,431.715":[135],"respectively.":[136,161],"Hence,":[137],"producing":[142],"1":[143,173],"kg":[144,174],"ThO2were":[145],"$6829.79\u2013":[146],"$6911.78,":[147],"$3540.95":[148],"$3592.94,":[150],"$501.18":[152,188],"$553.17":[154,190],"0.5,":[156],"1.0,":[157],"10.0":[159,193],"tons":[160,194],"concluded":[164],"with":[166],"higher":[167],"mass":[168],"production,":[169],"ThO2":[175,196],"would":[176],"reduced":[178],"scenario,":[182],"lowest":[184],"was":[187],"kg\u22121\u2013":[189],"kg\u22121":[191],"production.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}