{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901856038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","title":"The Politics of Attributing Blame for Cyberattacks and the Costs of Uncertainty","display_name":"The Politics of Attributing Blame for Cyberattacks and the Costs of Uncertainty","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901856038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","mag":"2901856038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s153759271800110x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173657377","display_name":"Perspectives on Politics","issn_l":"1537-5927","issn":["1537-5927","1541-0986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070850233","display_name":"Marcus Schulzke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-138X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-138X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Schulzke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070850233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97279392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"954","last_page":"968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution-of-cyberattacks","display_name":"attribution of cyberattacks","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blame-attribution","display_name":"blame attribution","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-beliefs","display_name":"conspiracy beliefs","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-accountability","display_name":"democratic accountability","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.9020248651504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.7064179182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5868116617202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.5825875401496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.515342652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5016536712646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5004076957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.46673452854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4636240005493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4132935404777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.38744112849235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3680356442928314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35563504695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.22994917631149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20687150955200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17110499739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.160127192735672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13854679465293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s153759271800110x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s153759271800110x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173657377","display_name":"Perspectives on Politics","issn_l":"1537-5927","issn":["1537-5927","1541-0986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28957472","https://openalex.org/W178177854","https://openalex.org/W407221339","https://openalex.org/W569580537","https://openalex.org/W646556860","https://openalex.org/W652824124","https://openalex.org/W1454791451","https://openalex.org/W1479775167","https://openalex.org/W1483734332","https://openalex.org/W1493434119","https://openalex.org/W1500378906","https://openalex.org/W1510448193","https://openalex.org/W1515228803","https://openalex.org/W1543632889","https://openalex.org/W1553568559","https://openalex.org/W1576087156","https://openalex.org/W1592922617","https://openalex.org/W1597236456","https://openalex.org/W1598037975","https://openalex.org/W1821499963","https://openalex.org/W1965037227","https://openalex.org/W1965444852","https://openalex.org/W1972757409","https://openalex.org/W1985847870","https://openalex.org/W1989665420","https://openalex.org/W1993595248","https://openalex.org/W1996790089","https://openalex.org/W2000647362","https://openalex.org/W2008906551","https://openalex.org/W2011677644","https://openalex.org/W2011845893","https://openalex.org/W2026841124","https://openalex.org/W2029423769","https://openalex.org/W2040366291","https://openalex.org/W2040869767","https://openalex.org/W2041721338","https://openalex.org/W2049971933","https://openalex.org/W2061630911","https://openalex.org/W2069365624","https://openalex.org/W2072951353","https://openalex.org/W2080913687","https://openalex.org/W2088096242","https://openalex.org/W2092452245","https://openalex.org/W2099042265","https://openalex.org/W2110464107","https://openalex.org/W2128769622","https://openalex.org/W2133793072","https://openalex.org/W2134481804","https://openalex.org/W2137467756","https://openalex.org/W2157979842","https://openalex.org/W2180627577","https://openalex.org/W2280306538","https://openalex.org/W2302206434","https://openalex.org/W2317868317","https://openalex.org/W2323316584","https://openalex.org/W2337241778","https://openalex.org/W2404872038","https://openalex.org/W2508671688","https://openalex.org/W2796076338","https://openalex.org/W4210703559","https://openalex.org/W4235092092","https://openalex.org/W4236489976","https://openalex.org/W4247448136","https://openalex.org/W4256345779","https://openalex.org/W4300170376","https://openalex.org/W4300915302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391360204","https://openalex.org/W4312706218","https://openalex.org/W2980125160","https://openalex.org/W4410264930","https://openalex.org/W4254741141","https://openalex.org/W3086675985","https://openalex.org/W4221107925","https://openalex.org/W6889674796","https://openalex.org/W4366503121","https://openalex.org/W3134621558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attribution":[0],"is":[1,12,43,59],"one":[2],"of":[3,95,140,146,168,187],"the":[4,31,63,78,93,105,112,144,172,185],"most":[5],"serious":[6],"challenges":[7,74,84],"associated":[8],"with":[9,77,90,180],"cyberattacks.":[10],"It":[11],"often":[13],"difficult":[14],"to":[15,26,61,81,97,109,118,148,161],"determine":[16],"who":[17],"launched":[18],"an":[19,121],"attack":[20,122],"and":[21,53,85,92,143,157],"why,":[22],"which":[23],"hinders":[24],"efforts":[25,80],"formulate":[27],"appropriate":[28],"responses.":[29],"Although":[30],"attribution":[32,64,173],"problem":[33,65,174],"has":[34,123],"been":[35],"discussed":[36],"extensively":[37],"in":[38,166],"research":[39],"on":[40,136],"cybersecurity,":[41],"it":[42,58],"generally":[44],"approached":[45],"as":[46],"a":[47,137,159,176],"technical":[48],"challenge":[49],"for":[50],"security":[51,83],"professionals":[52],"politicians.":[54],"I":[55,126],"contend":[56],"that":[57,128,182],"vital":[60,177],"take":[62],"beyond":[66,184],"this":[67,153],"elite":[68,141],"focus":[69],"by":[70],"considering":[71],"how":[72],"attributional":[73,129],"can":[75],"interfere":[76],"public\u2019s":[79],"understand":[82,98],"evaluate":[86],"government":[87],"actions.":[88],"Faced":[89],"uncertainty":[91,130],"confusion":[94],"attempting":[96],"novel":[99],"cyber":[100],"threats,":[101],"citizens":[102],"frequently":[103],"lack":[104],"information":[106],"they":[107],"need":[108],"reliably":[110],"identify":[111],"culprits":[113],"behind":[114],"attacks\u2014or":[115],"sometimes":[116],"even":[117],"know":[119],"whether":[120],"taken":[124],"place.":[125],"show":[127],"immediately":[131],"following":[132],"cyberattacks":[133],"encourages":[134],"dependence":[135],"narrow":[138],"range":[139],"frames":[142],"assignment":[145],"blame":[147],"familiar":[149],"enemies.":[150],"Over":[151],"time":[152],"promotes":[154],"conspiratorial":[155],"thinking":[156],"poses":[158],"risk":[160],"democratic":[162],"accountability.":[163],"When":[164],"seen":[165],"light":[167],"these":[169],"broader":[170],"costs,":[171],"becomes":[175],"political":[178],"concern":[179],"implications":[181],"reach":[183],"scope":[186],"elite-focused":[188],"cybersecurity":[189],"research.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}