{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901516158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","title":"Does Visual Attention to Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs Predict Key Outcomes among Youth and Low-income Smokers?","display_name":"Does Visual Attention to Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs Predict Key Outcomes among Youth and Low-income Smokers?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901516158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","mag":"2901516158","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39193023","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11349325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18001/trs.4.6.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764698196","display_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","issn_l":"2333-9748","issn":["2333-9748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069195370","display_name":"Sahara E. Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahara Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021159390","display_name":"Motasem Kalaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-7185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-7185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Motasem Kalaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043885556","display_name":"Jeff Niederdeppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-1526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7686-1526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Niederdeppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67464292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"6","first_page":"18","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12816","display_name":"Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pictorial-warning-labels","display_name":"graphic warning labels","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-packaging","display_name":"cigarette packaging","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention","display_name":"visual attention","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-smokers","display_name":"low-income smokers","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-risk-beliefs","display_name":"health risk beliefs","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intention-to-quit-smoking","display_name":"smoking cessation intentions","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-affect","display_name":"negative affect","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sponsored-content","display_name":"sponsored content","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018804484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Low income","level":2,"score":0.5912660360336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4884895086288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994071780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019180","display_name":"Warning signs","level":2,"score":0.44579482078552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4246007204055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4018329083919525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.33531874418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.32712608575820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2185973823070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19231542944908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07867652177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06484922766685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.048590660095214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.048211753368377686}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18001/trs.4.6.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764698196","display_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","issn_l":"2333-9748","issn":["2333-9748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39193023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39193023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco regulatory science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11349325","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11349325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tob Regul Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18001/trs.4.6.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.6.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764698196","display_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","issn_l":"2333-9748","issn":["2333-9748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Regulatory Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570529442","display_name":"Constitutional Compliance, Credibility, and FDA Regulated Tobacco Warning Labels","funder_award_id":"R01HD079612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591576655","https://openalex.org/W1657642628","https://openalex.org/W2003723820","https://openalex.org/W2034181307","https://openalex.org/W2054952914","https://openalex.org/W2064393678","https://openalex.org/W2083034885","https://openalex.org/W2093151252","https://openalex.org/W2100156519","https://openalex.org/W2125164761","https://openalex.org/W2126304455","https://openalex.org/W2141348739","https://openalex.org/W2144616138","https://openalex.org/W2411018885","https://openalex.org/W2427090978","https://openalex.org/W2470422320","https://openalex.org/W2508729677","https://openalex.org/W2518934199","https://openalex.org/W2765496889","https://openalex.org/W2771125398","https://openalex.org/W2774526665","https://openalex.org/W2789570765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898335331","https://openalex.org/W2901347180","https://openalex.org/W2982007176","https://openalex.org/W2064393678","https://openalex.org/W2765496889","https://openalex.org/W2946068867","https://openalex.org/W2013096101","https://openalex.org/W3179414839","https://openalex.org/W4378675807","https://openalex.org/W2938163007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"examined":[3,60],"whether":[4],"patterns":[5,61],"of":[6,15,62],"visual":[7],"attention":[8,106,117,153],"to":[9,35,39,75,82,95,118,136,146,172],"graphic":[10],"warning":[11,23,102],"labels":[12],"on":[13,158],"images":[14,104,130,159],"cigarette":[16],"packs":[17],"predict":[18],"key":[19,162],"outcomes":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,30,161],"label":[24],"effectiveness.":[25],"Methods:":[26],"A":[27],"mobile":[28],"lab":[29],"5":[31],"eye-tracking":[32,65],"stations":[33],"travelled":[34],"socioeconomically":[36],"disadvantaged":[37],"communities":[38],"recruit":[40],"biologically":[41],"confirmed":[42],"adult":[43],"smokers":[44],"(Study":[45,54,78,87],"1:":[46],"N":[47,56],"=":[48,57],"725)":[49],"and":[50,67,80],"middle":[51],"school":[52],"youth":[53,169],"2:":[55],"767).":[58],"We":[59],"association":[63],"between":[64,113],"measures":[66],"negative":[68,165],"emotional":[69],"responses,":[70],"health":[71],"risk":[72],"beliefs,":[73],"intentions":[74],"quit":[76],"smoking":[77],"1),":[79],"susceptibility":[81,135,171],"smoke":[83],"in":[84,115,131],"the":[85,101,129],"future":[86,137],"2).":[88],"Results:":[89],"In":[90],"both":[91],"studies,":[92],"participants":[93],"attended":[94],"warnings":[96,132],"over":[97],"branded":[98,155],"content.":[99,156],"Within":[100],"area,":[103],"attracted":[105],"for":[107,168],"longer":[108,127],"than":[109],"text.":[110],"Findings":[111],"differed":[112],"studies":[114],"how":[116],"content":[119],"features":[120],"predicted":[121],"discrete":[122],"emotions.":[123],"Youth":[124],"who":[125],"gazed":[126],"at":[128],"reported":[133],"lower":[134],"smoking.":[138,173],"Conclusions:":[139],"Images":[140],"function":[141],"as":[142],"an":[143],"important":[144],"addition":[145],"text":[147],"warnings,":[148],"partly":[149],"because":[150],"they":[151],"divert":[152],"from":[154],"Fixation":[157],"associate":[160],"outcomes,":[163],"including":[164],"affect":[166],"and,":[167],"only,":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}