{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901316539","doi":null,"title":"What do we know about gig work in California? An analysis of independent contracting","display_name":"What do we know about gig work in California? An analysis of independent contracting","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901316539","mag":"2901316539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0hb7z35m","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hb7z35m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088256774","display_name":"Annette D. Bernhardt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette Bernhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029359928","display_name":"Sarah Thomason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-3668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-3668"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Thomason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-3668","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88378709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gig-work","display_name":"gig work","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-contracting","display_name":"independent contracting","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platform-work","display_name":"platform work","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-demographics","display_name":"workforce demographics","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-quality","display_name":"job quality","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4972281754016876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778519782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974060","display_name":"Need to know","level":2,"score":0.49612316489219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4242640733718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34522294998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3397219479084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3379230499267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.285826712846756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0hb7z35m","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hb7z35m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2901316539","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apo.org.au/node/204926","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172116196","https://openalex.org/W4300686819","https://openalex.org/W4309652962","https://openalex.org/W7034075719","https://openalex.org/W2969542118","https://openalex.org/W7006802207","https://openalex.org/W6982674922","https://openalex.org/W4401485342","https://openalex.org/W4381511920","https://openalex.org/W4391226609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,35],"(1)":[4],"provide":[5],"a":[6],"clear":[7],"framework":[8],"to":[9,19,32],"help":[10],"define":[11],"gig":[12,44],"work":[13,23],"and":[14,26,51],"understand":[15],"how":[16],"it":[17],"relates":[18],"other":[20],"forms":[21],"of":[22,43,48],"being":[24],"discussed":[25],"(2)":[27],"draw":[28],"on":[29,57],"current":[30],"research":[31],"identify":[33],"what":[34],"know":[36],"(and":[37],"don\u2019t":[38],"know)":[39],"about":[40],"the":[41,46,49],"prevalence":[42],"work,":[45],"demographics":[47],"workforce,":[50],"job":[52],"quality":[53],"outcomes,":[54],"using":[55],"data":[56],"California":[58],"where":[59],"possible.":[60]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}
