{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900967760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","title":"Competitive Indices in Cereal and Legume Mixtures in a South Asian Environment","display_name":"Competitive Indices in Cereal and Legume Mixtures in a South Asian Environment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900967760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","mag":"2900967760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009563467","display_name":"Muhammad Aamir Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-0551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-0551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aamir Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Hamid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Horticulture, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Horticulture, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001677218","display_name":"Imtiaz Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-9086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-9086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imtiaz Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103187833","display_name":"Muzammil H. Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muzammil H. Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116806","display_name":"Ghazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a7t361","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Horticulture, Ghazi Univ. D.G. Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Horticulture, Ghazi Univ. D.G. Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023518583","display_name":"Abdul Khaliq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-9370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-9370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Khaliq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The Univ. of Poonch Rawalakot (AJK), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108056132","display_name":"Zahoor Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-7541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-7541","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-5130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahoor Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Life Sciences (Botany), The Islamia Univ. Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Life Sciences (Botany), The Islamia Univ. Bahawalpur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009563467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83130217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"1","first_page":"242","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13009","display_name":"Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cereal-legume-intercropping","display_name":"cereal-legume intercropping","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/area-time-equivalent-ratio","display_name":"area time equivalent ratio","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearl-millet","display_name":"pearl millet","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea","display_name":"cowpea","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyamopsis-tetragonoloba","display_name":"Cyamopsis tetragonoloba","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soybean","display_name":"soybean","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-legume","display_name":"forage legumes","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-loss","display_name":"yield loss","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-production","display_name":"biomass production","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-efficiency","display_name":"land use efficiency","score":0.8840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.8457132577896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7729264497756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776632002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145909","display_name":"Legume","level":2,"score":0.7662263512611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779862049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132634","display_name":"Vigna","level":2,"score":0.657042384147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.6146736741065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5503102540969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.5484411120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.49916720390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40583041310310364}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57364849","https://openalex.org/W115888142","https://openalex.org/W1595028095","https://openalex.org/W1967826251","https://openalex.org/W1968476142","https://openalex.org/W1980663465","https://openalex.org/W1986696978","https://openalex.org/W1990983844","https://openalex.org/W1991406513","https://openalex.org/W1992039189","https://openalex.org/W1995225012","https://openalex.org/W2010634946","https://openalex.org/W2012411774","https://openalex.org/W2018471328","https://openalex.org/W2025280074","https://openalex.org/W2027585149","https://openalex.org/W2039713459","https://openalex.org/W2071645706","https://openalex.org/W2088381523","https://openalex.org/W2089556935","https://openalex.org/W2089972454","https://openalex.org/W2106387305","https://openalex.org/W2120827042","https://openalex.org/W2130875237","https://openalex.org/W2134854325","https://openalex.org/W2135072351","https://openalex.org/W2155567654","https://openalex.org/W2156926743","https://openalex.org/W2162703094","https://openalex.org/W2163218313","https://openalex.org/W2163711390","https://openalex.org/W2165327145","https://openalex.org/W2167229602","https://openalex.org/W2171389023","https://openalex.org/W2177465219","https://openalex.org/W2181653585","https://openalex.org/W2183955796","https://openalex.org/W2191210348","https://openalex.org/W2257296749","https://openalex.org/W2286829739","https://openalex.org/W2289888546","https://openalex.org/W2403333949","https://openalex.org/W2417487721","https://openalex.org/W2480380364","https://openalex.org/W2530664867","https://openalex.org/W2563543357","https://openalex.org/W2565855439","https://openalex.org/W2755116402","https://openalex.org/W2792760184","https://openalex.org/W2808254368","https://openalex.org/W3093858792","https://openalex.org/W3101063272","https://openalex.org/W3214710230","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297195267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6948360291","https://openalex.org/W2163016413","https://openalex.org/W1709886381","https://openalex.org/W4410988975","https://openalex.org/W2187551162","https://openalex.org/W4200277188","https://openalex.org/W7218244934","https://openalex.org/W2478077853","https://openalex.org/W7218284815","https://openalex.org/W3119993962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Core":[0],"Ideas":[1],"Cereal\u2010legume":[2],"binary":[3,16,19,41,69,115,171,194,228,262,284,292,297],"mixtures":[4,42,70,172],"increased":[5,138],"forage":[6,88,122],"productivity":[7],"per":[8,212],"unit":[9],"area":[10,277],"compared":[11,43,143,294],"to":[12,27,32,44,144,240,257,295],"cereal\u2010cereal":[13],"and":[14,46,79,86,101,126,130,141,175,190,200],"legume\u2010legume":[15],"mixtures.":[17,195,298],"In":[18,271],"mixtures,":[20,263],"pearl":[21,80,191,225,250],"millet":[22,81,197,226,251],"was":[23,137,182,222,252],"marginally":[24],"more":[25],"resistant":[26,255],"yield":[28,38,123,245,258,269],"reduction":[29],"in":[30,40,118,170,227,238,260],"comparison":[31,239],"sorghum.":[33],"Soybean":[34],"suffered":[35],"the":[36,179,253,267,275,287],"highest":[37,180,218,268,276],"losses":[39],"cowpea":[45,127,174,204],"cluster":[47,95,176,231],"bean.":[48,177],"The":[49,217],"assessment":[50],"of":[51,54,62,71,124,154,168,183],"competitive":[52,112,236],"performance":[53],"mixture":[55,116,229,242,285,293],"components":[56],"is":[57],"important":[58],"for":[59,282,290],"maximizing":[60],"benefits":[61],"intercropping":[63],"systems.":[64],"This":[65],"field":[66],"study":[67],"tested":[68],"two":[72],"cereals":[73],"{sorghum":[74],"[Sorghum":[75],"bicolor":[76],"(L.)":[77,84,93,99,104],"Moench]":[78],"[Cenchrus":[82],"americanus":[83],"Morrone]}":[85],"three":[87],"legumes":[89,210],"{cowpea":[90],"[Vigna":[91],"unguiculata":[92],"Walp.],":[94],"bean":[96,232],"[Cyamopsis":[97],"tetragonoloba":[98],"Taub.],":[100],"soybean[Glycine":[102],"max":[103],"Merr.]},":[105],"along":[106],"with":[107,173,230],"their":[108,145],"sole":[109,146],"crops":[110,157],"on":[111],"indices.":[113],"Sorghum\u2013cowpea":[114],"resulted":[117],"a":[119,206,272],"lower":[120],"green":[121],"sorghum":[125,199],"by":[128,139,187,224],"9":[129],"36%,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"but":[133],"overall":[134],"biomass":[135],"production":[136],"30":[140],"117%":[142],"crop":[147,256],"equivalents.":[148],"Partial":[149],"land":[150,164],"equivalent":[151,279],"ratios":[152],"(LER)":[153],"all":[155,201,261],"component":[156],"were":[158],"higher":[159,235],"than":[160],"0.50,":[161],"indicating":[162,233],"better":[163],"use":[165],"efficiency,":[166],"except":[167],"soybean":[169,265],"However,":[178],"LER":[181],"sorghum\u2013cowpea":[184,283],"(1.55),":[185],"followed":[186],"sorghum\u2013soybean":[188],"(1.48)":[189,193],"millet\u2013soybean":[192],"Pearl":[196],"dominated":[198],"legumes,":[202],"while":[203,264],"remained":[205],"superior":[207],"competitor":[208],"among":[209],"as":[211],"aggressivity":[213],"value":[214],"(AV)":[215],"index.":[216],"crowding":[219],"ratio":[220,280],"(CR)":[221],"exhibited":[223],"its":[234],"ability":[237],"other":[241,296],"components.":[243],"Observed":[244],"loss":[246,259],"data":[247],"indicated":[248,286],"that":[249],"most":[254],"had":[266],"reduction.":[270],"short":[273],"term,":[274],"time":[278],"(ATER)":[281],"maximum":[288],"advantage":[289],"this":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}