{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900633262","doi":null,"title":"The Word Frequency Effect: Relationship of Lexical Entries Between the Primary and Secondary Language","display_name":"The Word Frequency Effect: Relationship of Lexical Entries Between the Primary and Secondary Language","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900633262","mag":"2900633262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7548","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083353583","display_name":"Nawal Mustafa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nawal Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083353583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.02280000038444996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-frequency-effects","display_name":"word frequency effects","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-entries","display_name":"lexical entries","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"lexical decision","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-experience","display_name":"language experience","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-processing","display_name":"lexical processing","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.6617183685302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6593415141105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5981515049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47650614380836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4466455578804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3804929852485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.15616756677627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwindsor.scholaris.ca:20.500.14776/7840","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14776/7840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"mag:2900633262","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8549&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W303185113","https://openalex.org/W752304624","https://openalex.org/W1914099300","https://openalex.org/W1977982770","https://openalex.org/W1989578443","https://openalex.org/W2008457707","https://openalex.org/W2011035448","https://openalex.org/W2025969092","https://openalex.org/W2043417742","https://openalex.org/W2057661285","https://openalex.org/W2057674957","https://openalex.org/W2062862495","https://openalex.org/W2074703312","https://openalex.org/W2098974456","https://openalex.org/W2098986833","https://openalex.org/W2104565909","https://openalex.org/W2106535847","https://openalex.org/W2119012891","https://openalex.org/W2120110281","https://openalex.org/W2121880170","https://openalex.org/W2127447124","https://openalex.org/W2130169991","https://openalex.org/W2130233214","https://openalex.org/W2130502326","https://openalex.org/W2143263738","https://openalex.org/W2144710514","https://openalex.org/W2146235409","https://openalex.org/W2156702515","https://openalex.org/W2160606914","https://openalex.org/W2162796359","https://openalex.org/W2316732078","https://openalex.org/W3144985772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976074939","https://openalex.org/W2105266313","https://openalex.org/W7146144283","https://openalex.org/W65973882","https://openalex.org/W4238221858","https://openalex.org/W2160606914","https://openalex.org/W2119012891","https://openalex.org/W2736393971","https://openalex.org/W7220829637","https://openalex.org/W2091353731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,62],"current":[1],"study":[2],"examined":[3],"the":[4,11,17],"effect":[5,86,110,126,153],"of":[6,13,66,111,140,160],"differential":[7,152],"word":[8],"frequency":[9,59,68,85,96,102,125,134,151],"on":[10],"relationship":[12],"lexical":[14,50,161],"entries":[15],"between":[16],"primary":[18],"and":[19,28,40,56,79],"secondary":[20],"language.":[21],"Ninety":[22],"Urdu-English":[23],"bilingual":[24],"participants":[25,91],"were":[26],"used,":[27],"their":[29,141],"performance":[30],"was":[31,48,87,106,127],"compared":[32],"to":[33,94],"forty-five":[34],"English":[35,60,135],"monolinguals":[36],"matched":[37],"for":[38,44,132],"age":[39],"education.":[41],"task":[43,52],"both":[45],"participant":[46],"groups":[47],"a":[49,108,124,138,148],"decision":[51],"with":[53,114,155],"60":[54,57],"high":[55,95,133],"low":[58,99,101],"words.":[61,104],"stimulus":[63],"set":[64],"consisted":[65],"four":[67],"conditions":[69],"High":[70,73],"English-High":[71,77],"Urdu,":[72,75],"English-Low":[74,81],"Low":[76,80],"Urdu":[78,142],"Urdu.":[82],"A":[83],"general":[84],"observed":[88,128],"\u2013":[89],"all":[90],"responded":[92],"faster":[93],"targets":[97],"than":[98,100,120],"target":[103],"There":[105],"also":[107],"main":[109],"language":[112,150],"experience":[113],"bilinguals":[115],"producing":[116],"longer":[117],"reaction":[118],"times":[119,131],"monolinguals.":[121],"In":[122],"addition,":[123],"in":[129,163],"response":[130],"words":[136],"as":[137],"function":[139],"pair":[143],"frequency.":[144],"These":[145],"results":[146],"reveal":[147],"cross":[149],"consistent":[154],"models":[156],"proposing":[157],"non-selective":[158],"access":[159],"processing":[162],"bilinguals.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}
