{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900506299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","title":"Joint activity and attenuation estimation for PET with TOF data and single events","display_name":"Joint activity and attenuation estimation for PET with TOF data and single events","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900506299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","mag":"2900506299","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30523997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084983765","display_name":"Tao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-3441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-3441"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101971380","display_name":"Jizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-7844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-7844"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111394125","display_name":"Hongdi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongdi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084983765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4577,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62500957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"24","first_page":"245017","last_page":"245017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10372","display_name":"Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-flight-pet","display_name":"time-of-flight PET","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-events","display_name":"single events","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radon-transform","display_name":"Radon transform","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"iterative reconstruction","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-expectation-maximization","display_name":"maximum likelihood expectation maximization","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-dependent-attenuation","display_name":"depth-dependent attenuation","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcat-phantom","display_name":"XCAT phantom","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-robustness","display_name":"noise robustness","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8711770176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5877864360809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159774933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902086","display_name":"Attenuation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.570576012134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5595499873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123688308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309537","display_name":"Correction for attenuation","level":3,"score":0.5514560341835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5459157824516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5040799379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48932120203971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308809","display_name":"Coincidence","level":3,"score":0.45519861578941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4108860194683075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37155741453170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2483123540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21620523929595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19176986813545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015899","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064847","descriptor_name":"Multimodal Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30523997","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30523997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0bc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900506299.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900506299.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542533295","https://openalex.org/W1810047624","https://openalex.org/W1977820565","https://openalex.org/W1983281817","https://openalex.org/W2032991799","https://openalex.org/W2049130824","https://openalex.org/W2057743740","https://openalex.org/W2069090100","https://openalex.org/W2069860057","https://openalex.org/W2077939678","https://openalex.org/W2083586222","https://openalex.org/W2084778063","https://openalex.org/W2085285203","https://openalex.org/W2091259614","https://openalex.org/W2100495482","https://openalex.org/W2108019762","https://openalex.org/W2121913623","https://openalex.org/W2126639779","https://openalex.org/W2127514735","https://openalex.org/W2133391477","https://openalex.org/W2140479375","https://openalex.org/W2142082007","https://openalex.org/W2150822300","https://openalex.org/W2160593693","https://openalex.org/W2210342688","https://openalex.org/W2231461199","https://openalex.org/W2527726543","https://openalex.org/W2596649560","https://openalex.org/W2607711656","https://openalex.org/W2754132686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947694996","https://openalex.org/W2789642020","https://openalex.org/W4239900620","https://openalex.org/W1986227147","https://openalex.org/W2996929380","https://openalex.org/W4415276777","https://openalex.org/W2766230352","https://openalex.org/W7064098004","https://openalex.org/W2971812690","https://openalex.org/W7160987442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maximum":[0],"likelihood":[1],"reconstruction":[2,138,260],"of":[3,43,118,127,254,287,316,333],"activity":[4,18,86,130,146,172,267,320],"and":[5,24,56,74,87,121,129,174,187,203,214,245,269,319],"attenuation":[6,26,88,102,128,160,175,231,274,317],"(MLAA)":[7],"for":[8,40,193,235,250,265,272,283,305],"PET":[9,157],"data":[10,190],"with":[11,115,155,167,229,276,292],"time-of-flight":[12],"(TOF)":[13],"information":[14,120,202,205],"can":[15,70,131],"determine":[16,71],"the":[17,25,41,44,72,75,79,95,116,145,152,159,215,223,251,266,273,302,331,337],"distribution":[19,147,173,321],"up":[20,30],"to":[21,31,53,65,82,93,105,208,221,300,311,330,336],"a":[22,32,67,112,124,180,277,313],"scale,":[23],"map":[27,161,176,232,268,275,318],"Radon":[28],"transform":[29],"related":[33,76],"constant.":[34,45],"Prior":[35],"knowledge":[36,48],"is":[37,64,92,140,148,162,233],"widely":[38],"used":[39,220],"determination":[42,307],"However,":[46],"prior":[47,323],"could":[49],"be":[50,132,209,328],"inaccurate":[51],"due":[52],"patient":[54],"variation":[55],"may":[57],"result":[58],"in":[59,78,111,308],"quantitation":[60],"errors.":[61],"Our":[62,90,257],"goal":[63],"develop":[66],"method":[68,213,228,261,335],"that":[69,110],"scale":[73,181,279],"constant":[77,247,306],"TOF-MLAA":[80,217,309],"algorithm":[81,139,218,310],"obtain":[83,312],"quantitatively":[84],"accurate":[85],"maps.":[89],"idea":[91],"utilize":[94],"single":[96,122,184,303],"events":[97,304],"which":[98],"have":[99,298],"depth":[100],"dependent":[101],"factors,":[103],"contrary":[104],"coincidence":[106],"events.":[107,185],"We":[108],"show":[109],"2D":[113,194],"case,":[114],"combination":[117],"TOF":[119,156],"events,":[123],"unique":[125,314],"solution":[126,315],"achieved.":[133],"A":[134],"three-step":[135],"iterative":[136],"image":[137,259],"developed.":[141],"In":[142,295],"each":[143],"iteration,":[144],"first":[149],"updated":[150,164,178],"using":[151,165,179],"MLEM":[153,227],"approach":[154],"data;":[158,169],"then":[163],"MLTR":[166],"non-TOF":[168],"finally,":[170],"both":[171],"are":[177,191,206,219,248,290],"estimated":[182],"from":[183],"Noisy":[186],"noise-free":[188,284,293],"projection":[189],"generated":[192],"XCAT":[195],"phantoms":[196],"through":[197],"analytical":[198],"simulation.":[199],"Both":[200],"scatter":[201],"randoms":[204],"assumed":[207],"known.":[210],"The":[211],"proposed":[212,258,299],"conventional":[216],"reconstruct":[222],"simulated":[224],"data.":[225,285,294],"Conventional":[226],"known":[230],"implemented":[234],"comparison":[236],"as":[237],"well.":[238],"Normalized":[239],"root":[240],"mean":[241],"square":[242],"error":[243],"(NRMSE)":[244],"optimal":[246],"defined":[249],"quantitative":[252],"analysis":[253],"reconstructed":[255],"images.":[256],"achieves":[262],"~1%":[263],"NRMSE":[264,271],"~5%":[270],"correct":[278],"after":[280],"150":[281],"iterations":[282],"Results":[286],"noisy":[288],"simulations":[289],"consistent":[291],"summary,":[296],"we":[297],"use":[301],"without":[322],"information.":[324],"Future":[325],"work":[326],"will":[327],"dedicated":[329],"extension":[332],"our":[334],"3D":[338],"situation.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-11-29T00:00:00"}
