{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900000024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","title":"A Retrospective and Comparative Analysis of the Physical Fitness of Custody Assistant Classes Prior to Academy Training","display_name":"A Retrospective and Comparative Analysis of the Physical Fitness of Custody Assistant Classes Prior to Academy Training","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900000024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","mag":"2900000024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17140/semoj-4-159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208744","display_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","issn_l":"2379-6391","issn":["2379-6391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318683","host_organization_name":"Openventio Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318683"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Openventio Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007253550","display_name":"Robert G. Lockie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-0294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-0294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","display_name":"California State University, Fullerton","ror":"https://ror.org/02avqqw26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert G. Lockie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067582727","display_name":"Bushra Fazilat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","display_name":"California State University, Fullerton","ror":"https://ror.org/02avqqw26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bushra Fazilat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041108481","display_name":"Joseph M. Dulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-5319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-5319"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph M. Dulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109883522","display_name":"Michael Stierli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120125038","display_name":"Bond University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jxzx88","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801351115","display_name":"Government of New South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/0067dvq63","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801351115"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Stierli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sydney Police Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia; Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia","Sydney Police Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia","Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Police Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia; Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Police Centre, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801351115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064342081","display_name":"Rob Marc Orr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-8288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-8288","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-4849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120125038","display_name":"Bond University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jxzx88","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin M. Orr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-8288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031372022","display_name":"Jay J Dawes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Dawes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063982039","display_name":"Kamran Pakdamanian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","display_name":"California State University, Fullerton","ror":"https://ror.org/02avqqw26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Pakdamanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007253550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9489,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96376467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"44","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness","display_name":"physical fitness","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sit-ups","display_name":"sit-ups","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-ups","display_name":"push-ups","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vo2max","display_name":"VO2max","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-fitness","display_name":"cardiorespiratory fitness","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-endurance","display_name":"anaerobic endurance","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-muscle-strength","display_name":"abdominal muscle strength","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171687745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309252","display_name":"Physical fitness","level":2,"score":0.5922343730926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.512024462223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4933694899082184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.44884663820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3371896743774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32690149545669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24144956469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07784569263458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17140/semoj-4-159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208744","display_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","issn_l":"2379-6391","issn":["2379-6391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318683","host_organization_name":"Openventio Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318683"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Openventio Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://pure.bond.edu.au/:openaire/a0600bd5-47a9-4323-b575-cd8cf80447ed","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/a0600bd5-47a9-4323-b575-cd8cf80447ed","pdf_url":"https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/28922135/Lockie_A_Retrospective_and_Comparative_Analysis_of_the_Phys_Fit_of_CA_Prior_to_Academy_Training.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402608","display_name":"Bond University Research Portal (Bond University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I120125038","host_organization_name":"Bond University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120125038"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lockie, R G, Fazilat, B, Dulla, J, Stierli, M, Orr, R M, Dawes, J & Pakdamanian, K 2018, 'A Retrospective and Comparative Analysis of the Physical Fitness of Custody Assistant Classes Prior to Academy Training', Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 44-51. https://doi.org/10.17140/SEMOJ-4-159","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17140/semoj-4-159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17140/semoj-4-159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208744","display_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","issn_l":"2379-6391","issn":["2379-6391"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318683","host_organization_name":"Openventio Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318683"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Openventio Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine - Open Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5871000289916992,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900000024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900000024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498836105","https://openalex.org/W1980929590","https://openalex.org/W1984455164","https://openalex.org/W1998875383","https://openalex.org/W2008117195","https://openalex.org/W2026506798","https://openalex.org/W2054436754","https://openalex.org/W2100749253","https://openalex.org/W2128499753","https://openalex.org/W2141462022","https://openalex.org/W2262849853","https://openalex.org/W2280336152","https://openalex.org/W2312418195","https://openalex.org/W2315738966","https://openalex.org/W2327487197","https://openalex.org/W2332533103","https://openalex.org/W2409717439","https://openalex.org/W2553493453","https://openalex.org/W2560526920","https://openalex.org/W2608746002","https://openalex.org/W2621221516","https://openalex.org/W2737967529","https://openalex.org/W2768483347","https://openalex.org/W3208655334","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909922038","https://openalex.org/W2999240161","https://openalex.org/W3198219789","https://openalex.org/W2793656063","https://openalex.org/W3043987307","https://openalex.org/W2900379666","https://openalex.org/W3184928511","https://openalex.org/W2898344216","https://openalex.org/W2898253479","https://openalex.org/W4399212117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BackgroundWithin":[0],"a":[1,140],"law":[2,23],"enforcement":[3,24],"agency":[4],"(LEA),":[5],"custody":[6],"assistants":[7],"(CAs)":[8],"are":[9,39],"responsible":[10],"for":[11,173,192,206,212],"upholding":[12],"proper":[13],"safety":[14],"and":[15,104,111,116,130,187,216,286],"security":[16],"inside":[17],"correctional":[18],"facilities.":[19],"However,":[20,247],"unlike":[21],"other":[22],"positions,":[25],"CAs":[26,66,81],"may":[27,255],"not":[28],"be":[29,242,256],"subjected":[30],"to":[31,35,60,184,196,222,232,241,280],"fitness":[32,42,64,98,282],"testing":[33,230],"prior":[34,231],"matriculation.":[36],"If":[37],"there":[38,254],"differences":[40,205],"in":[41,106,245],"between":[43,259],"recruits":[44],"across":[45,67],"different":[46,69],"classes,":[47],"this":[48,57,238],"could":[49],"influence":[50],"training":[51,249,290],"adaptations":[52],"following":[53],"academy.PurposeThe":[54],"purpose":[55],"of":[56,65,74,102,143,177,283],"study":[58],"was":[59,77,149],"investigate":[61],"the":[62,124,133,174,188,207,213,234,272],"physical":[63,229,248],"three":[68,83],"academy":[70],"classes.MethodsA":[71],"retrospective":[72],"examination":[73],"performance":[75],"data":[76],"conducted":[78],"on":[79],"108":[80],"from":[82,123,132,166,237],"classes":[84,134,236,261],"(Class":[85],"1:":[86],"males=29,":[87],"females=11;":[88],"Class":[89,93,167,181,185,193,197,219,223],"2:":[90],"males=22,":[91],"females=16;":[92],"3:":[94],"males=18,":[95],"females=12).":[96],"The":[97],"tests":[99],"encompassed:":[100],"number":[101,176],"push-ups":[103,178],"sit-ups":[105,163,215],"60":[107],"seconds;":[108],"201-meter":[109],"(m)":[110],"2.4-kilometer":[112],"(km)":[113],"run":[114,191],"times;":[115],"estimated":[117,217],"maximal":[118],"aerobic":[119],"capacity":[120],"(VO2max)":[121],"derived":[122],"2.4-km":[125],"run.":[126],"To":[127],"compare":[128],"males":[129,159],"females":[131],"(the":[135],"sexes":[136],"were":[137,155,170,201],"analyzed":[138],"separately),":[139],"one-way":[141],"analysis":[142],"variance":[144],"with":[145],"Bonferroni":[146],"post":[147],"hoc":[148],"utilized":[150],"(p<0.05).":[151],"Effect":[152],"sizes":[153],"(d)":[154],"also":[156],"calculated.ResultsClass":[157],"2":[158,182,198],"executed":[160],"significantly":[161],"more":[162],"than":[164],"those":[165],"3.":[168],"There":[169,200],"moderate":[171,210],"effects":[172,211],"greater":[175,214],"completed":[179],"by":[180,266,271],"compared":[183,195,221],"3,":[186],"faster":[189],"201-m":[190,273],"3":[194,224],"(d=0.60-1.00).":[199],"no":[202],"significant":[203],"between-class":[204],"females,":[208],"but":[209],"VO2maxfor":[218],"1":[220],"(d=0.64-0.76).":[225],"Conclusion":[226],"Even":[227],"without":[228],"academy,":[233],"CA":[235],"LEA":[239],"seemed":[240],"relatively":[243],"similar":[244],"fitness.":[246],"instructors":[250],"should":[251,276],"acknowledge":[252],"that":[253],"select":[257],"variances":[258],"certain":[260],"(e.g.":[262],"abdominal":[263],"strength":[264],"measured":[265,270],"sit-ups;":[267],"anaerobic":[268],"endurance":[269],"run).":[274],"Instructors":[275],"utilize":[277],"appropriate":[278],"assessments":[279],"characterize":[281],"their":[284],"recruits,":[285],"where":[287],"possible,":[288],"tailor":[289],"accordingly.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2018-11-16T00:00:00"}
