{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899801351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","title":"Rapid Determination of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy","display_name":"Rapid Determination of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899801351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","mag":"2899801351","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30424009","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6278657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules23112930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2930/pdf?version=1541770178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2930/pdf?version=1541770178","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102849513","display_name":"Tingting Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-9978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-9978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076544895","display_name":"Wenwen Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-897X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-897X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783051","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-6896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-6896","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-1239","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-6227","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6556-8292","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4003-1525","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1728-7438","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-1841","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-3715"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-6896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhenghui Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038021818","display_name":"Jingdong Yao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingdong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392224","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-866X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-866X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085420080","display_name":"Jiyu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-170X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-170X","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4272-1869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-170X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008206959","display_name":"Huizhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-9927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-9927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160522","display_name":"China National Rice Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szcn205","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210160522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767812","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/05s5qx907","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210160522","https://openalex.org/I4391767812","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huizhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160522","https://openalex.org/I4391767812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342968","display_name":"Yong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1008-6595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101783051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":1.8201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83427774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"11","first_page":"2930","last_page":"2930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13079","display_name":"Heavy Metals in Plants","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-contamination","display_name":"cadmium contamination","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lettuce","display_name":"lettuce","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy","display_name":"laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"partial least squares regression","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm-feature-selection","display_name":"genetic algorithm feature selection","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemometrics","display_name":"chemometrics","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50497907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2654990","display_name":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.8695605993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.7819974422454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151304367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910067","display_name":"Chemometrics","level":2,"score":0.6628819108009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.6187307238578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.610167920589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.5106046795845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5075048804283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.4824998378753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.46192261576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017828787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20134","display_name":"Leafy vegetables","level":2,"score":0.4565555453300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.450400710105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4249430298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.41145631670951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.40420976281166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.400401771068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3816000819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37731391191482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3026036024093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2454206347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.20569217205047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17727318406105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.16439485549926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1352330446243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13331592082977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10435986518859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004787","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005506","descriptor_name":"Food Contamination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules23112930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2930/pdf?version=1541770178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5259986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6278657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30424009","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30424009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6278657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6278657/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a171b6f01dfc437da070cbd2c4975867","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a171b6f01dfc437da070cbd2c4975867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Molecules, Vol 23, Iss 11, p 2930 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/molecules23112930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112930","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2930/pdf?version=1541770178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108911230","display_name":"Molecules","issn_l":"1420-3049","issn":["1420-3049","1433-1373"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecules","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4359000027179718,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214345592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31671579","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1727635461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018FZA5007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2672550047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31701320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3879666250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M600466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4649669753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018FZA5007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899801351.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899801351.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588381339","https://openalex.org/W1969160393","https://openalex.org/W1971623766","https://openalex.org/W1979936657","https://openalex.org/W1991756274","https://openalex.org/W1996594388","https://openalex.org/W1999139609","https://openalex.org/W2012816766","https://openalex.org/W2013874115","https://openalex.org/W2018606140","https://openalex.org/W2019151254","https://openalex.org/W2019464819","https://openalex.org/W2022914549","https://openalex.org/W2029691433","https://openalex.org/W2042939983","https://openalex.org/W2060664919","https://openalex.org/W2063081692","https://openalex.org/W2078542361","https://openalex.org/W2092388540","https://openalex.org/W2137933854","https://openalex.org/W2291813779","https://openalex.org/W2303703685","https://openalex.org/W2344538199","https://openalex.org/W2396805707","https://openalex.org/W2548526289","https://openalex.org/W2566757966","https://openalex.org/W2605623481","https://openalex.org/W2610311993","https://openalex.org/W2625212076","https://openalex.org/W2742250323","https://openalex.org/W2752764103","https://openalex.org/W2761660820","https://openalex.org/W2766995228","https://openalex.org/W2774142005","https://openalex.org/W2781684738","https://openalex.org/W2789280741","https://openalex.org/W2790387856","https://openalex.org/W2793124031","https://openalex.org/W2801400875","https://openalex.org/W2811352991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961596682","https://openalex.org/W2610311993","https://openalex.org/W3111677819","https://openalex.org/W4214598081","https://openalex.org/W4393378697","https://openalex.org/W4400224642","https://openalex.org/W4365130629","https://openalex.org/W3183258790","https://openalex.org/W2042939983","https://openalex.org/W2000436649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quick":[0],"access":[1],"to":[2,10,22,61,77,125,161],"cadmium":[3],"(Cd)":[4],"contamination":[5,40,128,164],"in":[6,42,102,140,165],"lettuce":[7],"is":[8],"important":[9],"supervise":[11],"the":[12,38,63,96,103,134,166],"leafy":[13],"vegetable":[14,167],"growth":[15],"environment":[16],"and":[17,35,54,83,119,130,158],"market.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"aims":[21],"apply":[23],"laser-induced":[24],"breakdown":[25],"spectroscopy":[26],"(LIBS)":[27],"technology":[28],"for":[29],"fast":[30],"determination":[31],"of":[32,37,110,138],"Cd":[33,39,46,50,55,79,127,163],"content":[34,80],"diagnosis":[36],"degree":[41],"lettuce.":[43],"Emission":[44],"lines":[45],"II":[47,51],"214.44":[48],"nm,":[49,53],"226.50":[52],"I":[56],"228.80":[57],"nm":[58],"were":[59,123],"selected":[60,90],"establish":[62,78],"univariate":[64],"analysis":[65,68],"model.":[66],"Multivariate":[67],"including":[69],"partial":[70],"least":[71],"squares":[72],"(PLS)":[73],"regression,":[74],"was":[75],"used":[76,124,153],"calibration":[81],"models,":[82],"PLS":[84],"model":[85,132],"based":[86],"on":[87],"22":[88],"variables":[89],"by":[91],"genetic":[92],"algorithm":[93],"(GA)":[94],"obtained":[95,133],"best":[97],"performance":[98],"with":[99,149],"correlation":[100],"coefficient":[101],"prediction":[104,141],"set":[105],"Rp2":[106],"=":[107,113],"0.9716,":[108],"limit":[109],"detection":[111],"(LOD)":[112],"1.7":[114],"mg/kg.":[115],"K-Nearest":[116],"Neighbors":[117],"(KNN)":[118],"random":[120],"forest":[121],"(RF)":[122],"analyze":[126],"degree,":[129],"RF":[131],"correct":[135],"classification":[136],"rate":[137],"100%":[139],"set.":[142],"The":[143],"preliminary":[144],"results":[145],"indicate":[146],"LIBS":[147],"coupled":[148],"chemometrics":[150],"could":[151],"be":[152],"as":[154],"a":[155],"fast,":[156],"efficient":[157],"low-cost":[159],"method":[160],"assess":[162],"industry.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2018-11-16T00:00:00"}
