{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899591997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","title":"Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials","display_name":"Ginger in gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899591997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","mag":"2899591997","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30680163","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6341159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/fsn3.807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/fsn3.807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764587058","display_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","issn_l":"2048-7177","issn":["2048-7177"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/fsn3.807","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007665775","display_name":"Mehrnaz Nikkhah\u2010Bodaghi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrnaz Nikkhah Bodagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076916478","display_name":"Iradj Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-8118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2395-8118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88085062","display_name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02wkcrp04","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88085062"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iradj Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gut and Liver Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gut and Liver Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88085062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026487869","display_name":"Azita Hekmatdoost","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-0052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-0052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107800","display_name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02fgvvg92","country_code":"IR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Azita Hekmatdoost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107800","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026487869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107800","https://openalex.org/I58048189"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":2.6363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94560669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"96","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12347","display_name":"Ginger and Zingiberaceae research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12347","display_name":"Ginger and Zingiberaceae research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11979","display_name":"Garlic and Onion Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11889","display_name":"Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginger","display_name":"ginger","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-diseases","display_name":"gastrointestinal diseases","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastroprotective-effect","display_name":"gastroprotection","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiulcer-activity","display_name":"antiulcer activity","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant-therapy","display_name":"adjuvant therapy","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-finding-studies","display_name":"dose-finding studies","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginger-extract","display_name":"ginger extract","score":0.46399998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994357274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35625","display_name":"Zingiber officinale","level":2,"score":0.9412669539451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.797490119934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6312316656112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.6311914324760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780580376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186889","display_name":"Nausea","level":2,"score":0.5709465742111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Human studies","level":2,"score":0.4657028317451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776039994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421081","display_name":"Gingerol","level":2,"score":0.441450297832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.37011289596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17488786578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16052839159965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08930689096450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/fsn3.807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/fsn3.807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764587058","display_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","issn_l":"2048-7177","issn":["2048-7177"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5325258","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6341159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6341159","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6341159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Sci Nutr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30680163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30680163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food science & nutrition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6423120","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6423120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402606","display_name":"Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Food Science & Nutrition, 7(1):96-108","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/fsn3.807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.807","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/fsn3.807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764587058","display_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","issn_l":"2048-7177","issn":["2048-7177"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food Science & Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899591997.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899591997.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136481338","https://openalex.org/W140207465","https://openalex.org/W951536476","https://openalex.org/W1522585286","https://openalex.org/W1560125636","https://openalex.org/W1580789748","https://openalex.org/W1805750494","https://openalex.org/W1831834726","https://openalex.org/W1844710519","https://openalex.org/W1949799717","https://openalex.org/W1963885748","https://openalex.org/W1966133025","https://openalex.org/W1967389878","https://openalex.org/W1979406462","https://openalex.org/W1981012145","https://openalex.org/W1981714984","https://openalex.org/W1982523260","https://openalex.org/W1986940459","https://openalex.org/W1990944464","https://openalex.org/W1991106892","https://openalex.org/W1992033396","https://openalex.org/W1995847442","https://openalex.org/W1997293770","https://openalex.org/W1997619918","https://openalex.org/W1999156240","https://openalex.org/W1999489716","https://openalex.org/W2003146676","https://openalex.org/W2005800217","https://openalex.org/W2010662354","https://openalex.org/W2011080956","https://openalex.org/W2012143050","https://openalex.org/W2015104147","https://openalex.org/W2015209500","https://openalex.org/W2015402768","https://openalex.org/W2017195698","https://openalex.org/W2017405920","https://openalex.org/W2021781593","https://openalex.org/W2025451005","https://openalex.org/W2028936809","https://openalex.org/W2031631990","https://openalex.org/W2034541620","https://openalex.org/W2037279051","https://openalex.org/W2040629121","https://openalex.org/W2043564585","https://openalex.org/W2045084840","https://openalex.org/W2047167797","https://openalex.org/W2047759234","https://openalex.org/W2048797093","https://openalex.org/W2049448064","https://openalex.org/W2058980569","https://openalex.org/W2061507966","https://openalex.org/W2070222228","https://openalex.org/W2072742806","https://openalex.org/W2073679198","https://openalex.org/W2074204571","https://openalex.org/W2075041720","https://openalex.org/W2076767899","https://openalex.org/W2080406700","https://openalex.org/W2082124830","https://openalex.org/W2084044632","https://openalex.org/W2090803592","https://openalex.org/W2092666048","https://openalex.org/W2100751603","https://openalex.org/W2103182774","https://openalex.org/W2103570093","https://openalex.org/W2107176806","https://openalex.org/W2108371820","https://openalex.org/W2109200055","https://openalex.org/W2110359002","https://openalex.org/W2116951477","https://openalex.org/W2117568169","https://openalex.org/W2118999575","https://openalex.org/W2121519021","https://openalex.org/W2125916968","https://openalex.org/W2128293513","https://openalex.org/W2132406120","https://openalex.org/W2134148966","https://openalex.org/W2135013258","https://openalex.org/W2138853112","https://openalex.org/W2145398895","https://openalex.org/W2148594906","https://openalex.org/W2154503158","https://openalex.org/W2158767335","https://openalex.org/W2160706482","https://openalex.org/W2161750634","https://openalex.org/W2165894769","https://openalex.org/W2166221479","https://openalex.org/W2166311908","https://openalex.org/W2168232365","https://openalex.org/W2170826873","https://openalex.org/W2181652784","https://openalex.org/W2204835209","https://openalex.org/W2211218042","https://openalex.org/W2260183179","https://openalex.org/W2294231845","https://openalex.org/W2294958235","https://openalex.org/W2305245706","https://openalex.org/W2323163677","https://openalex.org/W2336184512","https://openalex.org/W2337075307","https://openalex.org/W2397342705","https://openalex.org/W2465234777","https://openalex.org/W2470542151","https://openalex.org/W2509357557","https://openalex.org/W2522786148","https://openalex.org/W2527902866","https://openalex.org/W2529960350","https://openalex.org/W2530746459","https://openalex.org/W2580434043","https://openalex.org/W2607318683","https://openalex.org/W2619038325","https://openalex.org/W3010970204","https://openalex.org/W4210813312","https://openalex.org/W4254014456","https://openalex.org/W4296139297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058980569","https://openalex.org/W4407802017","https://openalex.org/W2766139563","https://openalex.org/W2505360228","https://openalex.org/W3204536089","https://openalex.org/W4307253229","https://openalex.org/W2090529478","https://openalex.org/W3159619918","https://openalex.org/W7010053719","https://openalex.org/W4376150152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ginger,":[0],"the":[1,58,77,81,121,165],"rhizome":[2],"of":[3,17,38,46,57,61,83,101,111,114,141,170],"Zingiber":[4],"officinale,":[5],"which":[6],"is":[7,105],"used":[8],"as":[9,28,63,126,129,153],"a":[10,14,36,64,154],"spice":[11],"globally":[12],"has":[13,67],"long":[15],"history":[16],"medicinal":[18],"use":[19],"that":[20,96],"stimulates":[21],"investigators":[22],"to":[23,130,149,162],"assess":[24],"its":[25,144,151],"potential":[26],"roles":[27],"an":[29],"adjuvant":[30],"therapy":[31],"or":[32,143],"alternative":[33],"medicine":[34],"in":[35,51,70,172],"range":[37],"diseases.":[39],"Anti-inflammatory,":[40],"antioxidant,":[41],"antitumor,":[42],"and":[43,55,137,168],"antiulcer":[44],"effects":[45,82],"ginger":[47,62,84,104,142,171],"have":[48],"been":[49,68],"proven":[50],"many":[52],"scientific":[53],"studies,":[54],"some":[56,117],"ancient":[59],"applications":[60],"home":[65],"remedy":[66],"confirmed":[69],"human.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"review,":[74],"we":[75],"summarized":[76],"current":[78],"evidence":[79],"on":[80,86,90,116],"consumption":[85],"gastrointestinal":[87,119],"disorders":[88],"based":[89],"clinical":[91,174],"trials.":[92],"Our":[93],"data":[94],"indicate":[95],"divided":[97],"lower":[98],"daily":[99],"dosage":[100],"1500":[102],"mg":[103],"beneficial":[106],"for":[107],"nausea":[108],"relief.":[109],"Because":[110],"limited":[112],"number":[113],"studies":[115,140,158],"other":[118],"disorders,":[120],"results":[122],"may":[123],"not":[124],"be":[125,160],"much":[127],"powered":[128],"find":[131],"significant":[132],"results.":[133],"Therefore,":[134],"more":[135],"extensive":[136],"well-controlled":[138],"human":[139],"standard":[145],"extracts":[146],"are":[147],"required":[148],"demonstrate":[150],"efficacy":[152],"gastroprotective":[155],"agent.":[156],"Dose-finding":[157],"should":[159],"undertaken":[161],"accurately":[163],"determine":[164],"effective":[166],"dose":[167],"preparation":[169],"further":[173],"trials":[175],"protocol.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2018-11-16T00:00:00"}