{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899407673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","title":"Intelligent machines, care work and the nature of practical reasoning","display_name":"Intelligent machines, care work and the nature of practical reasoning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899407673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","mag":"2899407673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30380993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0969733018806348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0969733018806348?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150985620","display_name":"Nursing Ethics","issn_l":"0969-7330","issn":["0969-7330","1477-0989"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0969733018806348?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072422752","display_name":"Angus Robson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-2382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-2382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angus Robson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northumbria University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northumbria University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072422752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9892,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92398467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"7-8","first_page":"1906","last_page":"1916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14036","display_name":"Literary and Philosophical Studies","score":0.10019999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0885000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-robots","display_name":"care robots","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-status-of-machines","display_name":"moral status of machines","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-agency","display_name":"moral agency","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-reasoning","display_name":"practical reasoning","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alasdair-macintyre","display_name":"Alasdair MacIntyre","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-development","display_name":"moral development","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-work","display_name":"care work","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assistive-technology","display_name":"assistive technology","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-ethics","display_name":"information ethics","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics","display_name":"AI ethics","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6032922267913818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.4477536380290985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42482790350914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3961291015148163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3491020202636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34588465094566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28625380992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.18371227383613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17184004187583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009014","descriptor_name":"Morals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0969733018806348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0969733018806348?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150985620","display_name":"Nursing Ethics","issn_l":"0969-7330","issn":["0969-7330","1477-0989"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30380993","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30380993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:37696","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/37696/1/Intelligent%20machines%2011.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/37696/1/Intelligent%20machines%2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0969733018806348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0969733018806348?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150985620","display_name":"Nursing Ethics","issn_l":"0969-7330","issn":["0969-7330","1477-0989"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899407673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899407673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199140694","https://openalex.org/W333707639","https://openalex.org/W814872039","https://openalex.org/W1487080569","https://openalex.org/W1503168995","https://openalex.org/W1506025291","https://openalex.org/W1519302612","https://openalex.org/W1543963068","https://openalex.org/W1562988254","https://openalex.org/W1973270568","https://openalex.org/W1984810740","https://openalex.org/W1990773926","https://openalex.org/W1991829205","https://openalex.org/W2032160998","https://openalex.org/W2047213184","https://openalex.org/W2053957056","https://openalex.org/W2070721354","https://openalex.org/W2077040353","https://openalex.org/W2084907912","https://openalex.org/W2094251476","https://openalex.org/W2097012545","https://openalex.org/W2101205248","https://openalex.org/W2106175837","https://openalex.org/W2106373505","https://openalex.org/W2111006467","https://openalex.org/W2117959661","https://openalex.org/W2125286806","https://openalex.org/W2160897973","https://openalex.org/W2162085396","https://openalex.org/W2167393292","https://openalex.org/W2268802647","https://openalex.org/W2325811116","https://openalex.org/W2398834466","https://openalex.org/W2465534043","https://openalex.org/W2617404094","https://openalex.org/W2753012573","https://openalex.org/W2764587809","https://openalex.org/W2884501187","https://openalex.org/W2966277746","https://openalex.org/W2966863622","https://openalex.org/W3168219980","https://openalex.org/W4213063924","https://openalex.org/W4231747594","https://openalex.org/W4235271043","https://openalex.org/W4244032312","https://openalex.org/W4247462173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223564590","https://openalex.org/W157916238","https://openalex.org/W2566938559","https://openalex.org/W3198550273","https://openalex.org/W1964517104","https://openalex.org/W2801939058","https://openalex.org/W7162864333","https://openalex.org/W7056211598","https://openalex.org/W4241415150","https://openalex.org/W2561182246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1],"debate":[2],"over":[3],"the":[4,17,32,63,71,87,124,131,189],"ethical":[5],"implications":[6],"of":[7,14,47,62,68,73,89,120,127,135,188,192,204],"care":[8,184,198],"robots":[9],"has":[10],"raised":[11],"a":[12,26,82,128,205],"range":[13],"concerns,":[15],"including":[16,123],"possibility":[18],"that":[19,41,165,172],"such":[20,150,181],"technologies":[21,211],"could":[22],"disrupt":[23],"caregiving":[24],"as":[25,159,183],"core":[27],"human":[28],"moral":[29,48,64,140,169],"activity.":[30],"At":[31],"same":[33],"time,":[34],"academics":[35],"in":[36,70,149,152,207],"information":[37],"ethics":[38],"have":[39,111],"argued":[40],"we":[42],"should":[43],"extend":[44],"our":[45],"ideas":[46],"agency":[49],"and":[50,66,109,130,133,155,171,195],"rights":[51],"to":[52,201,215],"include":[53],"intelligent":[54],"machines.":[55],"RESEARCH":[56],"OBJECTIVES:":[57],"This":[58],"article":[59],"explores":[60],"issues":[61],"status":[65],"limitations":[67],"machines":[69],"context":[72],"care.":[74,175],"DESIGN:":[75],"A":[76],"conceptual":[77],"argument":[78],"is":[79],"developed,":[80],"through":[81],"four-part":[83],"scheme":[84],"derived":[85],"from":[86],"work":[88],"Alasdair":[90],"MacIntyre.":[91],"No":[92,99],"empirical":[93],"data":[94,101],"are":[95,137,213],"used.":[96],"ETHICAL":[97],"CONSIDERATION:":[98],"primary":[100],"were":[102],"gathered":[103],"for":[104,139],"this":[105],"study.":[106],"Secondary":[107],"sources":[108],"authorship":[110],"been":[112],"acknowledged":[113],"throughout.":[114],"FINDINGS":[115],"/":[116],"DISCUSSION:":[117],"Certain":[118],"kinds":[119],"social":[121],"experience,":[122],"narrative":[125],"unity":[126],"life,":[129],"giving":[132],"receiving":[134],"care,":[136],"essential":[138],"development.":[141],"Machines,":[142],"no":[143,180],"matter":[144],"how":[145],"advanced,":[146],"cannot":[147,157,167,174],"participate":[148],"experiences":[151],"key":[153],"respects,":[154],"thus":[156],"develop":[158],"practical":[160],"reasoners.":[161],"CONCLUSION:":[162],"It":[163],"follows":[164],"they":[166,173],"be":[168],"agents":[170],"There":[176],"are,":[177],"it":[178],"seems,":[179],"things":[182],"robots.":[185],"In":[186],"view":[187],"institutional":[190],"power":[191],"tech":[193],"companies":[194],"commissioning":[196],"bodies,":[197],"practitioners":[199],"need":[200],"take":[202],"more":[203],"lead":[206],"developing":[208],"new":[209],"assistive":[210],"which":[212],"appropriate":[214],"their":[216],"practice.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2018-11-09T00:00:00"}
